把握高中英语新教材的脉络(2)
2018-03-01 03:35
导读:S4: I have to say that I was no great child. In fact, I was born into a poor family. I had to help my father on the farm, and my mother died early. I didn‘t go to school much. Luckily, my stepmother
S4: I have to say that I was no great child. In fact, I was born into a poor family. I had to help my father on the farm, and my mother died early. I didn‘t go to school much. Luckily, my stepmother was kind to me. And I went to work early in my life. But I did try to read as much as possible, and I did work hard. I think hard work and much reading have led me through all these years....
4、真交际:
S5: Different people do different things in their spare time. What’s your opinion about that?
S6: ...
5、可以通过写作来巩固“成果”。
通过上述方法来练in one‘s spare time这一结构,十分高效。当然,实际操作中教师可与其他的一些语言点结合。
二、知识上,语言知识与文化知识并重。
学好语音、语法和词汇都是为了交际。交际是学习语言的真正目的。语言知识是根本的。但是,“学外语而不懂其文化,等于掌握了一连串没有实际意义的符号,很难有效地加以运用,而且每每用错”。(陈舒,1997:3)从某种意义上讲,学生运用英语获取信息和表达思想的能力与必要的社会文化背景知识为前提。所以,摆在高中教师面前的任务,除了让学生学会语音、语法知识,帮助其掌握一定量的词汇外,还要承担起教一些文化、帮助学生建构起一定的文化图式的任务。前者已经是很繁重的任务了,但后者也同样不能忽略,因为两者相辅相成。语言是文化的载体,文化对语言影响也很大。高中英语教学中的文化导入,应“遵循循序渐进和质量合适性原则”,“可采用对比分析、观察阅读、举办讲座等方法”。(详见葛炳芳,1998:37-40)
举例来说,虽然英汉文化均有“明知故问”的打招呼的方式,但其本质是不一样的。
例2:甲:饭吃过了吗?
乙:吃过了。 (具体行为)(见何刚,1995:22~26)
(转载自http://www.NSEAC.com中国科教评价网) 例3:A: Hi, Jack. How are you feeling?
B: Very well, thanks. How are you/And you?
A: I’m terrific, thank you. (不接触具体行为)(葛炳芳,1998:38)
在教学过程中,教师一定要有这种文化意识。有时教文化只需一语带过,但是一定要带。甚至是开个玩笑也是必要的。而有时则要详细说明。
例4:笔者曾经听到一个相声,虽记不得原话,但其中文化的因素记忆犹新。大意是:
甲(指着桌子):这是东西吗?
乙:是的,它是东西。它是桌子。
甲(指着自己):我是东西吗?
乙:不,你不是东西。我也不是东西。
这样的讲解可以使学生更进一步地理解语言与文化的内在联系。如何处理SEFC教材中的诸多文化背景材料(如body language, idioms, greetings等等),有待于教师思考。
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