女性主义伦理学与体外受精(2)
2014-09-30 01:39
导读：根据女性主义伦理学的观点，要考虑的首要问题是体外受精技术以及其他生殖技术是否加剧了妇女在当今文化中所经历的自主性的缺乏--即便它们表面上暂
根据女性主义伦理学的观点，要考虑的首要问题是体外受精技术以及其他生殖技术是否加剧了妇女在当今文化中所经历的自主性的缺乏--即便它们表面上暂时正在扩大自由。我们必须承认，压迫妇女的社会压力的相互关系是女性主义者不信任这一公开宣称自己增强妇女自主性的技术的基础。[13]引导我们用妇女的总体图式来考察这种技术如何适合的政治观点不会欣然接近传统道德理论，因为它涉及在那些理论中不能解释的诸种担忧--例如，不合适于从另一理论孤立的问题的复杂性，在形成个人愿望中压制物的作用，以及与治疗差异相关的道德地位的潜在差异。 正是社会中构成妇女持续不断被压迫的一套关系，激起女性主义者重申这个古老的滑坡论证，来提醒反对体外受精。我们必须承认，妇女在生殖活动中控制权缺乏的现实引发了在一个相当陡峭坡路上的争论。的确,具有可能进一步剥夺妇女生殖控制权的技术使这一滑坡变得非常滑溜。打着增加生殖自由幌子而提供的这一新技术实际上导致了自由的显著减少，特别是因为这一技术总是包括特定专家的主动参与, 将不再是一项相关夫妻或妇女的个人私事的技术。 伦理学不应当引导我们不从一个广阔的视野考察我们决策的意义而评价各个个案。我的论点是女性主义理论为此提供了更宽广的视角，因为它与众不同的方法论对对相关问题的个人和社会两个纬度都非常敏感。因此之故，我相信它是唯一适合评价这类问题的伦理学视角。
注 释： 1 H. Tristram Englehardt, Foundation of Bioethics (Oxford: Oxford University Press 1986),239
2 Michael Bayles, Reproductive Ethics (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall 1985) 31
3 Robert G. Edwards and David J. Sharpe, "Social Values and Research in Human Embryology," Nature 231 (May 14, 1971), 87
（转载自http://zw.nseac.coM科教作文网） 4 Joseph Card Ratzinger and Alberto Bovone, "Instruction on Respect for Human Life in its Origin and on the Dignity of Procreation: Replies to Certain Questions of the Day" (Vatican City: Vatican Polyglot Press 1987), 33
5 Ibid., 34
6 Many authors are now working on an understanding of what feminist ethics entail. Among the Canadian papers I an familiar with, are Kathryn Morgan"s "Women and Moral Madness," Sheila Mullett"s "Only Connect: The Place of Self-Knowledge in Ethics," both in this volume, and Leslie Wilson"s Is a Feminine Ethics Enough"" Atlantis (forthcoming).
7 Suan Sherwin, "A feminist Approach to Ethics," Dalhousie Review 64, 4(Winter 1984-85) 704-13
8 Kathryn Pyne Addelson, "Moral Revolution," in Marilyn Pearsall, ed., Women and Values (Belmont, CA:Wadsworth 1986),291-309
9 Carol Gilligan, In a Different Voice (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press 1982)
10 Nel Noddings, Caring (Berkeley: University of California Press 1984)
11 Annette Baier, "What Do Women Want in a Moral Theory?" Nous 19 (March 1985) 53-64, and "Trust and Antitrust," Ethics 96 (January 1986) 231-60
12 Linda Williams Presents this position particularly clearly in her invaluable work "But What Will They Mean for Women? Feminist Concerns about the New Reproductive Technologies," No.6 in the Feminist Perspective Series, CRIAW.
13 Marilyn Frye vividly describes the phenomenon of inter-relatedness supports sexist oppression by appeal to the metaphor of a bird cage composed of thin wires, each relatively harmless in itself, but, collectively, the wires constitute an overwhelming barrier to the inhabitant of the cage. Marilyn Frye, The Politics of Reality: Essays in Feminist Theory (Trumansburg, NY: The Crossing Press 1983), 4-7.
