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政府执行能力改善的分析(一)

2014-08-07 01:23

The Analysis of Improvement of Government Executive Ability.
            政府执行能力改善的分析
 1 Introduction Government executive ability is the government performance ability and execution extent
 of government strategy or scheme. Generally speaking, executive ability has the following special and important meanings. First of all, executive ability is the indemnification for the accomplishing of government strategic target. Any strategic target can’t be fulfilled without executive ability. The chief function of executive ability is to transform government strategic target into actual operable action. Well executive ability is the stable base for fulfilling strategic target. Secondly, executive ability reflects government abilities of administration and society management. Government governance efficacy is often embodied in the execution sections. The efficiency and the veracity reflects the level of government governance. Thirdly, executive ability is an efficient and key factor of consolidating of government’s validity and identify. Consequentially a government with well executive ability can win citizens’ trust and support. Because can better deal with all kinds of public problems, improve citizens’ profit, make common people feel more self-important and full with hope.  Fourthly, the improving of executive ability can help construction and development of government itself. Well executive ability is good for strengthening organization’s comity and responsibility consciousness. Fifthly, executive ability is the reflection of the ability of government adjustment and assign. Its elevation can enhance the ability of adjusting and conforming the recourses of government. The ability of conforming the recourses is the ability of collecting, harmonizing, managing the human, money, material, technology, idea and interpersonal relationship recourses. The purpose of the conformity is to change the recourses to the elevation of the government’s ability. The elevation of the government executive ability conduces to the elevation of the government’s ability in these fields. Sixth, the execution is the inspection and the revision of the government’s strategies. The processes of execution are the processes of results producing by the government’s strategies. Only through execution, the policy can be inspected and revised exactly. The executive ability is the inspection and reflection of the processes and results. 

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 1.介绍
 政府的执政能力是指政府执行政策或计划的执行能力和实施程度。一般而言，执行能力有如下特殊而重要的意义。第一，执行能力是实现政府策略目标的保障，任何战略目标没有执行能力是无法履行的。执行能力的主要作用是把政府战略目标转换为实际行动，好的执行力为履行战略目标奠定了稳定的基础。第二，执行力反映了政府支配和社会管理的能力，政府管理效能往往体现在执行部分，效率和准确性反映了政府支配的水平。第三，执行力是加强政府有效性和一致性的一种有效而关键的因素。重要的是，有好执行力的政府可以获得市民的信任与支持。由于可以更好的解决各种公众问题，提高市民的利益，从而使市民感觉到自我重要和充满希望。第四，执行力的改善有助于政府本身的建设和发展，好的执行力有益于加强全体工作人员的礼仪和责任意识。第五，执行力反映了政府调整和分配的能力，执行力的提高可以加强调整和符合政府求助对象的能力。符合求助对象的能力是指收集、协调和管理人类、资金、物质、技术、想法和人际关系的求助对象。一致性的目的是把求助对象变为提升政府能力，政府执行力的提升有助于政府在这些领域上的能力的提升。第六，执行是指对政策的检查和修改，执行的过程是指通过政策产生的结果的过程。只有通过执行，才可以准确地修正政策。执行力是对过程和结果的审查和反应。
    2 The Public Policy Factor in Government Executive Ability  The public policy means the society public authority (mostly refers the decision-maker of the public policy) constitutes the action plans or the choices to achieve a certain policy in a certain case. David Easten pointed out, “public policy is the authorizing distribution of the total society value.” This value is not only refers material, but the power, honor and status. Excerption for distributing the value, the policy distributes the society recourses. To achieve the strategy purposes, the government can distribute and assemble the society recourses such as human, money and material by policy. Thus we can clearly realize the relationship of the policy and the government.

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2.政府执行力的公共策略因素
公共策略是指社会公众权力（主要指公共策略的执行人）以一种确定的情形建立行动计划或抉择来达到特定的方针。伊斯頓指出：“公共策略是指授权社会总值的分配”。这个值不仅指物质，而且指权力，荣誉和地位。除了分配这个值外，策略还分配社会求助对象。为了达到策略目的，政府可以凭借政策分配和收集人类，资金和物质的社会求助对象。这样我们可以清楚地了解政策和政府的关系。
The relationship of the policy and the government is mainly in three aspects: First, policy is the carrier of the power, is the tool of the government governing. Francis Bacon pointed out that the right policy is in factor to complete ability needed by exerted the power. The ability is mainly expressed by winning support and agreement rather than conflict to obtain the authority and validity. It provides government a way to realize the validity. The form of the policy must be supported and agreed by the heart. The decision-maker must sense the necessity of establishing this kind of agreement. The policy is governor’s decision to obtain the balance of politic strength. Obviously, comparing the violence or the other governing methods (governance, rule), policy is a relative softy and rational governance tool. Not only authorities always declare their policy is the result of rationally analyzing, the public is also inclined to expect to the government take the policy method when dealing with the public problems.
政策和政府的关系主要体现在三方面：第一，政策是权力的执行人，是政府控制的工具。弗兰西斯·培根指出正确的政策是利用权力发挥完全的能力所需具备的因素。这种能力主要通过获得支持和协定来表达而不与权力和效力的获得相冲突。政策的的形式一定得用心支持与同意，决定人一定意识到建立这种协议的必要性。政策是统治者决定获得政治力量的平衡。显然，与暴力和其它控制手段（统治、规则）相比较，政策是相对软性而理智的统治工具。在解决公众问题时，不仅当局一再声明他们的策略是理性分析的结果，而且公众也倾向于期望政府采取策略方法。

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Secondly, policy is the carrier of the government’s will. Decision-maker’s all kinds of “politic attempts” can be realized by the policy, such as settling conflicts, controlling discords and dissolving the other society problems. At the same time, the decision-maker regards the policy as the inspirit system of the government action, focusing on the aims of execution and offering the impetus for public execution. Of course, as government induces and inspirits the masses, it also inhibits and restricts them.
第二，政策是政府意图的执行者，执行者的各种“执政意图”靠政策来实现，如居住冲突，管理纠纷和其它社会问题的解决。同时，执行者把政策作为政府行为的激励体制，集中于执行的目标且为公众执行提供动力。当然，由于政府引诱和激励民众，也约束和限制了他们。
Thirdly, policy is a government’s society management method or means. “Government using policy as the form and the measure, translates and utilizes the society recourses, macroscopically plans and deploys the society’s development, organizes the society economy activity, develops the education, science and culture and accumulate society, economy and culture.” 
第三，政策是政府的社会管理方法或手段。“政府利用政策作为形式和措施，转化和利用社会求助对象，宏观计划和推动社会发展，组织社会经济活动，发展教育，科学文化与提高社会，经济和文化。”3 Based on the perspective of public policy to analyze the weak government executive ability’s behavior and reasons Actually not all of the government purposes or strategies will be realized. We can often find the government purpose or strategy be realized inadequately or defectively. An important reason of this situation is the absence or weak of government executive ability. The weak government executive ability mainly includes: the benefit dispute between the center and the local, or the inner government departments, for their own partial benefit; the endless conflicts at the organization operation; block even break when government execution strategy (or policy); employer laziness; the public organization leader incapacity; the execution process distortion. The absence or weak of executive ability often behaves as the distortion of the execution process. It includes that the policy is inadequately or formally or selectively carried out. It virtually distorts the government strategy and policy. There are many reasons for the weak government executive ability. In the perspective of public policy, the analysis is following: （转载自http://zw.NSEAC.com科教作文网）
3.基于公共政策的观点来分析政府腐败执行力的行为及原因