肢体语言在小学英语教学中的应用(一)(2)
2014-08-11 01:05
导读:3.1搞活课堂,提高学生学习英语的兴趣 课堂教学是学生获取知识的主要方法。小学英语教学应用肢体语言程序是一种好方法,它可以直接影响到教学效果
3.1搞活课堂,提高学生学习英语的兴趣 课堂教学是学生获取知识的主要方法。小学英语教学应用肢体语言程序是一种好方法,它可以直接影响到教学效果(沈敏仙,1999:54)。在开始学习英语的时,学生都很热衷语言,因为它是新的,与中文完全不同,他们都乐意参与到英语学习活动中。但是随着时间的推移,他们失去了兴趣,特别是对平常的,不变的教学和学习方法。在这些限制,当教师在授课时可用肢体语言来帮助的教学,他们可以激发学生的参与,用新奇的方法来填补尽管正在使用的旧方法。例如,当老师教到身体部位的词时,就可以让学生触摸自己的身体部位。教师可教学生摆动双手,张开他们的嘴巴,和转他们的眼睛等。学生们觉得这样上课会是个巨大的乐趣。 通过欢快的课堂教学,可增加学生的学习兴趣,这样的教学也增强了学生的自信心,促进课堂气氛。教师可以加入到这个快乐的氛围来,通过丰富多样的表情和手势的表现得淋漓尽致。在课堂上就会觉得像是在一个舞台上表演。由于课堂生动,调动起学生学习的积极性。此外,当学生遇到了一个新词,他们不知道,他们可以想起教师的手势和表情来猜测词的含义。教师的这一种教学会让学生牢牢的吸引住了,让学生对学习英语充满期待。 3.2创造学习英语环境,简化知识任何语言都可以成为沟通工具,也是一种学习的手段。学习英语的目的是为了获得与有该能力的人用流利的英语进行沟通,并借此来进一步学习。随着我们的社会的发展和日益增加的需求我们要迎合这一发展的要求,对学习英语来说,语言环境已变得非常重要。因此,教师在教学过程中应对学生采取用英语授课的教学方法,学生需要在课堂上使用英语,以便更好地学习语言。 学生通过学习经验会有感官认识。通过不同的学习看法,如图片上,学生可随时在任何时间用肢体语言来模仿,从而加强学习。例如,当教师教“兔子”这个单词的相关概念,在创造的语言环境时,可以简化知识,老师可以用她的两只手,做个“V”形,然后把他们放到头上,跟图片里兔子的耳朵一样。可以蹲下身体来模仿兔子跳。同时,教师可以问:“你看见什么?”,毕竟这些肢体语言的动作,就没有必要解释,学生们可以随时看得到老师行动的意义。最后,学生们能够在个快乐的气氛里接受一种新的知识。 3.3促进学生有效地记忆 小学学生的模仿能力非常强。他们也喜欢玩,唱,跳和爱动。但他们都不愿意坐着很长时间。他们有良好的记忆,他们想象思维很丰富。但他们的理性思维是短暂的,他们的逻辑思维能力不强。因此,学生可以根据老师的动作清楚地记单词和短语。通过让学生使用模仿教师的动作,以回忆自己模仿的动作来帮肋记忆。因此,当教师把肢体语言添加到了自己的教学,他们也给他们的学生装置记忆,方便于学生们想起。这有助于提高学生的整体记忆。4.在小学英语教学的肢体语言中需注意几点4.1结合不同民族文化的肢体语言 英国源于欧洲,它有它的传统文化,历史和风俗的发展变化。 (潘敏,2005:32)有相同的肢体语言动作在不同的
可能有不同的含义。例如,对于大多数的民族,一个点头表示“是”;摇头表示“不”,但在一些文化中的两个动作的理解是完全相反。因此,当教师用肢体语言时,他们就应该跟学生解释肢体语言中有不同的文化内涵并尊重不同国家的文化内涵。 4.2在适当的场合使用肢体语言对于一个英语老师不应该一味的在全班讨论发言,也不应持续这种行为。它应是以行动和说话混合在一起。因此,在课堂上,教师要知道什么时候使用肢体语言什么时候不使用。因为如果在不适合的时候使用的肢体语言,老师会给学生的带来不好的印象。他们会感到失望。
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4.3使用肢体语言的精度和频率 教师使用肢体语言是为了帮助学生了解老师所说的意思。但是,如果教师过度使用肢体语言,它会对学生不好。相反,它会转移学生的注意力。一段时间后,学生就会习惯着跟老师一样过度的使用肢体语言。而这样的肢体语言将失去其所有功能。因此,教师在课堂上应该注意使用肢体语言的频率。此外,教师在授课使用到肢体语言时应考虑到它准确度。如果教师给学生一个不合适的或错误的肢体语言,很容易误导学生,因为学生的模仿能力非常强。因此,肢体语言无法充分发挥其积极作用,反而会起到消极作用。例如,当教师授课时,部分教师经常喜欢抓他们的头和转动粉笔。所有这些行为不仅破坏了教师形象,从课堂上的这些行为同样很容易转移学生的注意力。因此,教师在授课时应正确和适当的使用肢体语言。 4.4“艺术”感对于同样的内容,不同的老师能会有不同的理解。他们可以用不同的肢体语言来表达这种不同理解。在这个意义上说教师在解译他们的资料时要有一个“艺术”感,而这个也是自由发挥的。不过,美和丑总是有区别的,美能吸引别人,而丑总是受到排斥。因此,教师应丢弃那些不利的肢体语言,如抓耳朵,时不时会带侮辱性的手势或肢体语言。 (庄锦英,李振村,1998:138)。教师应确保所有的肢体语言动作优美流畅。 5.结论 总之,肢体语言在英语教学中起着重要作用,特别是在小学。它可以加强互动,提高和培养学生的沟通和语言应用能力。此外,还提高了教师的英语教学的成效。对肢体语言的运用,不仅可以吸引学生的注意力,但也加深他们的印象和想象。肢体语言往往强调了教师的意图,也是作为建设性设备用来敇激学生的反应的,有时在与口头相比的情况下,他们往往会表达得更强烈些,因为他们可以传达一些很微妙的感情。所以,超越口头方式的都是能表达出最复杂的情绪。因此,教师应在授课时尽量用英语与相应的肢体语言在一起。最后,学生的英语能力肯定会大大提高。
1.Introduction
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In our society, social relationships are based on communication among people. The relationship between teacher and student also belongs to this category. As is known to all, the classroom teaching is the most important way for students to learn English. Due to the important status of English in the world and the gradual popularization of English in our country, English teaching has been set up in elementary school education in our country, especially in coastal cities. English is a totally new language for the children and it, as a language lesson is aimed at making students know how to communicate with each other. As far as English teaching in elementary school is concerned, teachers must arouse the students’ interest in order to make them learn better. In fact, there are many ways to arouse the students’ interest and help them to learn better. Since early years, English learning and teaching only concentrate on oral and written English. However, many people are not aware of the functions of body language and therefore do not realize their full potential. Communication theorists assert that in face-to-face communication less than 30% of the information is communicated through speaking, and over 70% of the message is sent by nonverbal means of which the major means is body language. One study done in the United States showed that in communication attitudes 93% of the message was transmitted by voice tone and facial expressions, whereas only 7% was transmitted by words. (Meridians A. & Winner M., 1967) From the above, we can see that body language is an important medium through which people communicate with each other.
2.The notion and patterns of body languageBody language, as is often understood, is the projection of messages through subtle and often unconscious changes in our posture, gestures, body distance and facial expressions. It is important to learn and to recognize the messages that we are transmitting through body language. It is the category of nonverbal symbols created through the body; it means more than just hand or arm gestures; it refers to any small movement of any part of the body. (顾日国,1997: 102) To sum up, body language is one of the nonverbal means of communication through which people communicate with each other in social intercourse. It contains gestures, eye contact, facial expressions, and body distance and so on. (亚德里安 弗海姆, 2006: 15)2.1 Gestures As the name implies gestures refer to the varied movements and postures created by fingers, palms and arms. Gestures have an extensive sphere of application, and it is very convenient to apply them. Also they could be used freely and they have a lot of variety. Not only can they assist vocal language, but also they could take the place of the latter. Because of this, some people regard gestural language as “the second language of oral expression.”(刘伟,2007: 53)For example, when you want to describe the size of a big fish to your students, you could move your hands apart to show how long the fish is. This gesture communicates better than your vocal language.Gestures are the most utilized and the most intuitive of all the movements that consist body language. (张强,2006: 162) Teachers often use gestures to supplement the spoken word. For example, when instructing the words like “big”, “small”, “high” or “low”, teachers commonly make corresponding gestures. When teachers teach students words, they can put questions to the students with the help of body language. 2.2 Eye ContactAs a proverb goes, the eyes are the window of the mind. So through eye contact people are able to convey to each other a whole variety of information and emotions. In daily life there is much eye communication that takes place such as gaze, close watch and so on. Frank and honest