大学英语四六级写作及其写作教学(1)
2015-06-26 01:02
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[Abstract] Writing testing is a kind of integrative testing, which examines stude
[Abstract] Writing testing is a kind of integrative testing, which examines students’ productive skills, receptive skills, as well as the usage of linguistic elements and usage, grammar, etc. Besides, it also tests students’ competence in organizing, analyzing, expressing, logical thinking, and mastering of various writing styles. Writing tests can test different levels and scopes of a language at a time. Thus, it really represents one’s linguistic competence.
It’s found that Chinese college students’ English language ability has greatly improved in recent years(from 1992 to 2003). However, the English writing ability is almost stagnant. In order to find out the reasons for this phenomenon, this thesis, based on the previous findings, analyzes the content validity of CET-4/6 writing tests, and compares the scoring criteria of CET-4/6 writing tests with those of College Entrance Examination(CEE) and with Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL).The analysis and comparison point out such problems as the content validity, the requirements in the number of words, the form of the proposition, the scoring criteria. The existence of these problems has certain harmful backwash effects on college English writing teaching of college students, for example, the deficiency of the content, the dullness of the writing, etc. In line with the previous findings, the paper proposes some effective suggestions about college English writing test. It is hoped that the present study will be helpful for both college English writing and English teaching.
[Key Words] CET-4/6; writing tests; writing teaching; content validity; backwash effects. 【摘 要】写作测试是一种综合测试，它不仅能考查学生的输出性技能，同时也能考查学生的接收性技能，不仅可以测验学生的词汇、用法、语法等语言要素，也可以测验学生的组织能力、分析能力、表达能力、逻辑推理、对各种语体的掌握等。它能同时测试语言的各个层次和范畴，所以说，写作测试能真正反映一个人的语言能力。
（转载自http://zw.ＮＳＥaＣ.com科教作文网） 基于近十几年来（1992--2003）的情况调查，我国大学生的英语水平有了很大的提高，但是英语写作能力一直停滞不前。本文就其原因对大学英语四级、六级考试中的写作测试部分的内容效度加以分析，并把写作测试部分的评分标准与
高考、美国托福考试等考试中的英语写作的评分标准进行比较之后发现，大学英语四、六级考试的写作测试的内容效度、词数要求、命题形式和评分标准等都存在一定的问题。这对大学生英语写作教学产生了一定的负面影响，同时也暴露了大学生写作中存在的一些普遍问题，例如内容贫乏、语言干瘪等。本文分析了写作测试和写作教学存在的多种问题，并对此提出了一些建议，旨在提高学生的写作能力和改进写作教学。
【关键词】大学英语四、六级考试；写作测试；写作教学；内容效度；后效作用。 1.Introduction
In recent years, the college students’ English ability has apparently improved.
However, students have hardly made any progress in English writing ability. The scoring rates in such parts as listening, reading, vocabulary and grammar of CET-4/6 have gradually increased, but the average marks of the writing part always range from 6 to 7. In order to find out the reasons for the low marks in the writing part, many experts and scholars have done a lot of investigation and research. Some believe that it has something to do with the examination-oriented education system which underestimates students’ writing ability[1].Some think that the research of theories on college English writing teaching is not enough[2]. All these analyses have yielded certain positive results. However, they haven’t integrated testing with teaching organically, proceeding either simply from CET-4/6 or simply from college English writing teaching. This thesis based on a detailed analysis of the content validity and the scoring criteria of writing tests in CET-4/6, points out the harmful backwash effects of CET-4/6 writing tests on college English writing teaching, and provides several useful suggestions on college English writing teaching. 2.Development of Language Testing
