如何激发英语学习中的差生(1)(2)
2016-04-13 01:06
导读：However, English learning is a complex process. In other words, English learners need to learn not only its pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar, but also its abundant culture. Some learners can lear
However, English learning is a complex process. In other words, English learners need to learn not only its pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar, but also its abundant culture. Some learners can learn English quickly and easily, while others find it difficult to learn，then these persons are the “poor learners” we often called .
2. Learning motivation—the main cause of poor learners
It is well known that, English learning is quite a complex process. “There are many factors influencing English learners' success or failure in English learning, such as learners' motivation, aptitude, character, intelligence, and other components. ” [1] “According to Jakobvits' research, he claims that the main factors influencing English learning, motivation takes up 33%, talent 33%, intelligence 20%, others 14%.”[2] From what had been listed above, we can draw the conclusion that learners' motivation plays a crucial part in learning English. “Indeed, the role of learners' motivation in learning has been examined by many researchers who are interested in this subject area. Gardner(1985) seems to support this idea and points out that motivation in language learning is of particular importance. Similarly, Noels et al also believes that understanding more about motivation could improve learners' competence in learning English. ” [3]
2.1 Some definitions relating to motivation
“Motivation”, as Jererny Harmer says, “is some kind of internal drive that encourages somebody to persevere in a course of sections”. “The origin of the word motivation is Latin for “a moving cause”(motivus). ” [4]
“Psychologists define motivation as an internal process that activates, guides, and maintains behavior over time. It is one of the most important components of learning and one of the most difficult to measure. In plain language, motivation is what gets you going, keeps you going, and determines where you're trying to do.” [5] It can be subdivided into extrinsic and intrinsic motivation.
（科教范文网http://fw.nseac.com） 2.2 Concrete contents of motivation
“ Extrinsic Motivation: A reward that is external to the activity, such as
recognition or a good grade. ” [6] It comes from outside. It is closely related to parents, especially to teachers and students because schools are essentially artificial environments designed to motivate people to learn. Hence, teachers should have a good understanding of what initiative motivation and how motivation works.
There are four kinds of extrinsic motivation: reward, punishment, cooperation and competition. “Reward and punishment has high motivational value. Praise should be given to those who have done well on their performance. Meanwhile, appropriate punishment should be given to those who have done poor work, made careless mistakes or have been lack of improvement. Teacher, however, can neither praise nor punish students absolutely. Teacher should be more critical to the top students, and never give a punishment without showing the students how to do it better. Cooperation and competition can affect motivation as well. For example, if two top students share a desk, they may help each other; and simultaneously they compete with each other. Doing pair work and group work is a good approach for students to co-operate and compete. For instance, if teacher asks students to do group work to list ten things which people need during a trip, students may discuss heatedly among them before they have the result. Indeed, various activities are helpful in encouraging students to learn. ” [7]
