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雌激素核内受体或膜受体的存在是雌激素作用的必要条件。自1986年雌激素受体(estrogen receptor, ER)成功克隆以来,人们已普遍接受仅有一种ER的观点。然而, 1996年另一种雌激素受体类型, 即雌激素受体β(estrogen receptor beta, ERβ)的发现[10]使雌激素作用机制的研究更为乐观,但也增加了雌激素受体研究的复杂性。有关两种受体在中枢神经系统的组织分布的研究发现, 边缘系统中存在大量ER, 主要是ERα[11], 而Str的ER数量较少,并且直到1992年才被发现[12]。然而, 1999年Kuppers等[13]研究发现, ER各亚型(ERα和ERβ)的mRNA在胚胎小鼠的纹状体含量较高,小鼠出生早期的含量仍保持在较高水平, 而成年后含量则较低, 并且ER的表达无性别差异。因此, 我们认为雌激素对黑质-纹状体和中脑边缘DA能神经系统的作用不同,其原因可能与雌激素受体的分布特征及数量有关。
总之, 雌激素对Amy与 Str DA能神经元功能的调节机制不同, 由此我们认为, Amy与 Str的DA在DA能神经元功能障碍性疾病如PD发病过程中的作用不同, PD发病的性别差异可能与雌激素影响Amy的DA代谢密切相关, 而Str对于PD的发病则有着更重要的意义[14]。关于雌激素作用的受体及其与DA关系的机制有待于进一步探讨。
参考文献
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