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[⑦] De.X.Vanssay and A.Z.Spindler, Freedom and Growth: Do Constitutions Matter?, 78 Public Choice,359(1994).还有其他学者的研究也得出了类似的结论,如A. Brunetti and B.Wedder, Political Sources of Growth: A Critical Note on Measurement, 82 Public Choice, 125(1995).
[⑧] 《经济自由指数》是美国“传统基金会”(The Heritage Foundation)、《华尔街期刊》(Wall Street Journal)共同制作出版著名经济自由评价统计数据。它的基本理念是将制度环境作为经济的增长和繁荣的决定因素,因此它选取了十大制度要素对各国的经济自由进行分别平分,分值范围是1分到5分,1分表示该国家中的这个因素最有益于经济自由,而5分则相反,然后进行加权平均。按照这种评分方式,2005年的《经济自由指数》中有数据的155个国家中,中国香港以1.35的分值据榜首,中国大陆以3.46的分值据112位,北朝鲜以5分的分值据榜末。
[⑨] 《世界经济自由》由弗雷泽研究所(the Fraser Institution)1996年开始制作出版,有多名诺贝尔经济学奖得主参与其中,其影响力日益增加。它的目的很明确:衡量不同国家在不同时期内与经济自由相关的制度和政策上的变化。《世界经济自由》将经济自由度的衡量划分为38个组成部分,对各组成部分在1分到10分的范围内进行评分,最后进行加权平均。按照这种评分方式,2005年《世界经济自由》中统计了127个国家的经济自由度排名,中国香港以8.7的分值据榜首,中国大陆以4.1的分值排名116位,缅甸以3.6的分值在127个统计的国家中排名末尾。
[⑩] 比如Jakob de Haan and Jan-Egbert Sturm, On the Relationship Between Economic Freedom and Economic Growth, 2 European Journal of Political Economy, 2000. 还可参见Jakob de Haan and Jan-Egbert Sturm, How Robust Is the Relationship Between Economic Freedom and Economic Growth? , 7 Applied Economics, 2001.
[11] 比如Wenbo Wu and Otto.A. Davis, The Two Freedoms, 100 Economic Growth, and Development: An Empirical Study, Public Choice, 1999. 还可参见Gerald Scully, Economic Freedom, Government Policy, and the Trade-Off Between Equity and Economic Growth, 1 Public Choice, 2002.
[12] 比如Stephen Knack and Philip Keefer, Institutions and Economic Performance: Cross-Country Tests Using Alternative Institutional Measures, 7 Economics and Politics, 1995. 还可参见R.J. Barro, Determinants of Economic Growth: A Cross-Country Empirical Study, Cambridge: MIT Press. 1997.
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