厉鹗与朱彝尊“清空”词风之差异及文化探源(3)
2013-07-01 01:52
导读：作家个体的差异,是形成不同创作风格的根本原因,所谓“成于时代,关乎性情”(《查莲坡蔗塘未定稿序》) ［5］卷3 ,即使同一种追求,由于“体格性分之殊”
作家个体的差异,是形成不同创作风格的根本原因,所谓“成于时代,关乎性情”(《查莲坡蔗塘未定稿序》)
［5］卷3,即使同一种追求,由于“体格性分之殊”
［12］2,也会呈现出不同风貌。钱钟书先生云：“天下有两种人,斯分两种诗。……高明者近唐,沉潜者近宋。”
［12］3对朱、厉而言,可谓近之。
而在词学评价中,向有宗朱、宗厉之争。《四库全书总目》提要认为厉鹗“虽才力富健,尚未能与朱彝尊等抗行”
［13］1529；凌延堪则以为厉鹗居上：“词以南宋为极,能继之者朱竹垞,至厉樊榭则更极其工,后来居上。”对此,郭麟则“大不谓然”(《灵芬馆词话》)
［2］1508,坚决捍卫朱彝尊。
持平论之,朱、厉二家于浙派词，一个有荜缕之功,一个有倡导之力,成就各有所长,难分高下。若以“清空”衡之：竹垞词兼长众体,深情绵缈,而过于傅采；樊榭词则专学姜、张,幽隽清绮,而丰神摇曳,可谓真正得白石三昧。正如郭麟所言：“国初之最工者,莫如朱竹垞,沿而工者,莫如厉樊榭。……白石、玉田之旨,竹垞开之,樊榭浚而深之。故浙之为词者,有薄而无浮,有浅而无亵,有意不逮而无涂泽嚣嚣之习,亦樊榭之教然也。”(《梦绿庵词序》)
［7］卷2故当以樊榭词为浙派正宗。
“寂寞湖山尔许时,近来传唱六家词”(《论词绝句》之十),浙西词派当日开创风气之功,可见一斑。继朱彝尊之后,厉鹗成为浙派的中坚,他继承朱、汪等人的理论并加以发展,且身体力行,较之前辈们在情趣上更接近了“雅正”、“清空”的理想境界。其高明处在于清而不枯,空而不枵,写景又超然独绝。缺点一是词境不大,沉厚不足；二是过分严格地偏嗜雅洁,使后学者“徒字句修洁,声韵圆转,而置立意于不讲,……虽不纤靡,亦且浮腻；虽不叫嚣,亦且薄弱。”(谢章铤《赌棋山庄词话》)
［2］3460只能是渐失真情,欠缺意味。后期名家虽欲以“通变”挽救颓势,但已成强弩之末,不久便被一个新的流派——“常州词派”代之而起了。
（科教作文网http://zw.NSEaC.com编辑发布） 参考文献：
［1］［清］文廷式.云起轩词钞［M］.光绪三十三年（1907）.
［2］唐圭璋.词话丛编［Z］.北京：中华书局,1986.
［3］［清］吴锡麒.有正味斋骈体文［M］.上海：会文堂书局,1925.
［4］［宋］张炎.山中白云词［M］.北京：中华书局,1991.
［5］［清］厉鹗.樊榭山房集：文集［M］.四部丛刊本.
［6］吴调公.古典文论与审美鉴赏［M］.济南：齐鲁书社,1985.
［7］［清］郭麟.灵芬馆杂著［M］.台北：新文丰出版公司,1989.
［8］威克纳格.诗学•修辞学•风格学［M］//风格论.上海：上海译文出版社,1983.
［9］［清］屈大均.翁山诗外［M］.上海：扶轮社,宣统二年（1910）.
［10］［清］朱彝尊.曝书亭集［M］.四部丛刊本.
［11］［清］王夫之，等.清诗话［M］.上海：上海古籍出版社,1978.
［12］钱钟书.谈艺录（修订本）［M］.北京：中华书局,1996.
［13］［清］永瑢,等.四库全书总目［M］.北京：中华书局,1983.
Stylistic Differences of the Art “Qing Kong” Between Li餰 and Zhu Yizun
ZHOU Xiao
(Chinese Department, Teachers College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China)
Abstract:Zhe Ci(Ci-poetry) School is one of the most important sects in Qing Dynasty. Its writers believe that “Qing Kong” is the supreme realm of art. The art of “Qing Kong” displays different styles by different writers. Works of Li餰, the leader as well as the most important writer in the persuasion, look bleak and desolate while those of Zhu Yizun, an early leader of Zhe Ci School, appear mild and genial. This results from some differences between them such as temperament, moral character, experiences in life, love, aesthetic taste and so on. According to Zhe Ci School餾 creating standards which advocate “Ya Zheng” and “Qing Kong”, the works of Li餰 deserve its real representative. Li餰 develops the aesthetic theory of Zhe Ci School to its summit. And from then on Zhe Ci School declines.
（转载自科教范文网http://fw.nseac.com）
Key words:literature of Qing Dynasty; Zhe Ci School; Li餰; Zhu Yizun
[3]
