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试析《老人与海》的悲喜色彩美文学毕业论文(2)

2013-05-03 18:22 War wounds, two plane crashes, three broken marriages, and several other affairs distressed Hemingway. He was diagnosed with bipolar disorder and insomnia in his later years. His mental condition was exacerbated by chronic alcoholism, diabetes and liver failure. After an unsuccessful treatment with electro-convulsive therapy, he suffered severe amnesia, and his condition worsened. The loss of memory obstructed his writing and daily life. He committed suicide in 1961(Dong Hengzhuan, 56).

Hemingway expirenced a lot and received a lot. He made contributions to the society. But he also suffered a lot in the end. So we can see his life was really a tragedy. It was natural that his works were permeated tragic ambience. This was the reflection of his thoughness in the novle.
Ⅱ. The Delightful Facet in the Old Man and the Sea
Though the old man could not get anything through his struggling at last, we could learn a lot of things from him. Though the big fish was killed by the old man and bit by the sharks, it showed valuable and noble character and morals to the people. People could feel sorry for their vicissitudes of life. At the same time, people learned philosophy from them. The old man was optimistic, confident and patient. The big marlin was insistent and indomitable. The boy was sensible and kind-hearted. To everyone's gratification, the old man succeeded in spirit. He was still a hero in people's hearts in the fact that everyone had flaws. If a man admitted his flaws and tried his best to overcome it, he was a winner no matter what he got at last. The success in spirit was also connected with the author's life.
A. The Delightful Facet from the Old Man
1. Analysis of the Old Man's Character
The old man was optimistic. He still talked about the baseball with Manolin and went to the Terrace to drink and chat though he was in a bad situation at that time. He used the lie to deal with the poor life. He still met the first sunshine every morning and went to fish on the sea no matter what the result was. He did not live on fishing, but fishing had already become part of his life and part of his memory. This was a true man, living, being tolerant to everything-- derision, solitude and even the leaving of the boy. 大学排名
The old man was confident. His rich experience and skill of fishing acquired day by day made him confident. He believed that he would hook a big fish. He even wished to meet a group of fish which had lost their way. He left the sea shore and began his heroic voyage on the eighty fifth day.
The old man was patient. The fish which stayed in the 600 foot under the sea was clever. The fish under the quiet surface was competing with the patience against the old man and struggling against the old man as if this was the last moment of the peaceful world. The old man was enduring the danger bought by the fish. Moreover, he was enduring hunger, exhaustion, fatigue, hurt and loneliness. He was overcoming the fish. Moreover, he was overcoming himself. “Fish”, he said softly, aloud, “I'll stay with you until I am dead.”(Hemingway, 37) Life, at this time, was not a wager, but contending.
2. The Inspiring Ending of the Old Man
Human nature is valiant. But man has a limited extension of this nature. The old man challenged this limitation again and again, the limitation expanded again and again, and the bigger challenge was put in front of human again and again. In this sense, Santiago had already become a hero whom we should honor no matter whether he had succeeded or not because what he had brought to people was the noblest confidence. He knew that the fish would leave its blood in the water after it was killed, and the blood would lead a lot of sharks. But he still insisted on doing that in order to uphold his dignity, the human's dignity. Maybe this was the real meaning that humans were living for.
The old man was a real hero." ' He was eighteen feet from nose to tail', the fisherman who was measuring him called (Hemingway, 94) ". The old man was a failure in the aspect of material, but he succeeded in the aspect of his spirit, his confidence, his dignity and his courage trying his best to fight against the fate. Living according to his own code of behavior, accepting the natural order and cycle of life, struggling and enduring and redeeming his individual existence through his life’s work, and passing on to the next generation everything of value that he has gained, Santiago became a standard figure (an archetypal representation of the human condition).

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3. The Delightful Facet Shown by the Boy's Coming Back
The boy was the old man's phase of young age in his subconsciousness. It was the boy that had given Santiago encouragement and strength while he was on the sea. He had remembered the boy several times on the sea and he really needed the boy so much. So the boy came back to him at last after Santiago endured loneliness, suffering and failure." ‘The hell with luck,' the boy said. ' I'll bring the luck with me' (Hemingway, 96) ". He did not care what his parents said any longer. The boy's coming back showed that he disregarded the authority of his parents and the superstition for luck that the fisherman always believed in. It also showed that the boy was becoming mature under the old man's inspiration. The old man could feel the happiness and hope out of this failure.
B. The Big Fish’s Noble Character and Morals

Santiago had not hooked a fish for eighty four days. But he was not upset and continued to go out. Finally, he met with his opponent--- the big marlin, which was a hero in the fish as the old man was in the human being. It pulled the skiff far away from the sea shore and struggled against him decisively. It persecuted the old man by torturing him and wrestled against\ the old man under the water for many days and nights, which caused the old man not to have a rest and nearly lose his strength.
The old man was great. So it was obvious to see another great thing that had been praised by the old man. In the novel, the old man said: “Never have I seen a greater, or more beautiful, or a calmer or nobler thing than you, brother (Hemingway, 70) ". This was a high praise to it though it was killed by the old man and then bit by the sharks. Its beauty and dignity could not disappear with its death. The white naked line of its backbone was also pretty and surprising to the people. So its death was solemn and stirring.
C. The Success in Spirit Connected with the Author’s Life
Hemingway was rejected for regular military service in World War I because of poor eyesight in his left eye, so he drove a Red Cross ambulance in Italy, distributing chocolate to Italian troops. While recuperating from serious wounds in a Red Cross hospital in Milan, Hemingway fell in love with Nurse Agnes von Kurowsky, who later rejected him as he was too young.

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As a foreign correspondent in Paris, Hemingway began to raise funds for the Loyalist cause in Spain. In 1937, he went to Spain as a war correspondent covering the Spanish Civil War. When World War II began, he volunteered to serve as a spotter for the U.S. Navy, outfitting his own fishing boat, the Pilar, to hunt for German submarines off the Cuban coast.(Dong Hengzhuan, 59)
His life was meaningful and his experience had given him a lot of help with his works. However, after these experiences, there were 237 pieces of the bullet that had been ever left in his body. The hurt of the illness and the exhaustion of creativity for literature made him suffer a lot. His condition was the same as the old man. So he put the success in spirit forward to comfort himself which was also a good way to deal with his present situation.
Ⅲ. The Combination of the Tragic Facet and the Delightful Facet in the Novella
The old unlucky poor man-- Santiago had a tragic fate, but, at the same time, he was a winner who could not be defeated. When his big fish was eaten up by the sharks, he asked himself: “‘what beat you?' ------' Nothing,' he said aloud, ' I went out too far' (Hemingway, 92) ". The old man admitted his failure bravely. But he still believed his strength absolutely. He believed that he was still courageous although he was lost, and he believed that he was not defeated by the sharks in spirit because what had been exterminated was the sharks, not him. Then he finished the surplus work calmly.
The big fish could live happily in the deep ocean originally but it was killed by the old man although it struggled for many days. It could not escape this kind of fate. This was the tragedy for it. However, Hemingway showed its beauty and dignity during the whole process by describing its firmness and intelligence. It was nearly eaten up by the sharks after it was killed. But it’s beautiful backbone surprised people. Hemingway combined its tragedy and noble quality together to form the complete fish.
According to the author's experiences, he had experienced a lot and made contribution to his country. In this sense, he was also a hero. However, he was defeated by the pain of the illness. His health was worsening day by day. He finally shot himself to end this pain. In this novella, the author put his own image onto the old man-- Santiago. He described Santiago's tragedy, but emphasized that a man could be destroyed, but could not be defeated. He said Santiago was a success in spirit, which was also the way he used to deal with his own fate.

Conclusion （科教范文网 fw.nseac.com整理）
The combination of tragic facet and delightful facet was where the success of this novel lay which made the novel a masterpiece in Hemingway’s articles. This writing style was so special and atractive that it showed Hemingway’s lofty and productive thinking. This style made an indelible impresion on readers’ minds.
The author created several tragic characters in this novel, for example, the old man--Santiago, the big marlin and so on, which had miserable fate. All of the plots and circumstances included tragic ambience and everyone would feel sad for the characters’ sufferings. As a matter of fact, this was not totally a tragic story although it included such a tragic atmosphere. At the same time, Hemingway’s description of the whole story showed another aspect-- the delightful facet of all the tragic characters. People could learn a lot of theories from them and be encouraged by their morale.

As the proverb goes:“Every coin has two sides”. Hemingway arranged this novel according to the Theory of Marxism Philosophy. Firstly, the tragic facet and the delightful facet depended on each other. Each side’s existence was the premise of the other’s existence and development. Secondly, the tragic facet and the delightful facet were linked together. They existed in the story in the form of individuals but they had inner relationship with each other and were unified together by the whole plot in logic.
Hemingway had several special experiences and he had also received great achievements on his literary work in his life. This was delightful facet in his life.Then, on the other hand, he suffered a lot because of his illness. He could not continue his writing career any more. There’s nothing he could do about such a condition so that he committed suicide at last. This was the author’s tragic fate which was the same as the fate of Santiago and the big marlin in the novel.
The words said by Santiago and his action after he was defeated reflected Hemingway's view of life and the principle of his behavior. Success in spirit gave failures courage and dignity. This was the most reasonable cause for the style of the story and this naturally became the novella's soul of whole structure.

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