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论文提要
本文探讨《周易》的系统构成以及隐于其深处的直觉问题。《周易》以卦画与卦爻辞的基本结构形式,构成一个结论判断的硬件系统,以应对任何可能的疑问:它以特殊的卜筮操作规程作为软什系统,以保证将任何可能的疑问经由卦画导入结论系统。只是在这两者运行环境当中进行的判断运作过程中,《周易》才实现了自己的完型,它的完整内容也才得以展现。这个充型系统的突出特征亦即它的灵魂所在,恰恰又在于它判断过程的不充备、不完整。因为,假卜筮“叩而决”其“虚设”在那里的结论,问和断之间不存在使判断成立的任何依据。显然,由于疑问跟结论的对应靠得是几率,所以这个不完备不能用理性的方式而只能用非理性、用某种直觉的方式来填补。这表明,《周易》于现实的判断过程中展现它全部内容的同时,提供了开启直觉之门的方法,所以说,它的功能正是指向人的直觉作用。
关键辞:功能,考查,系统,直觉,周易
Abstract
This paper makes an exploration on I Ching system and the issues of intuition that is, as the core, dealt with by it. I Ching can be viewed as a configuration of hardware and software. The hardware, the text itself, composed of the interlinked judgments and symbols, appears an answer storage in consideration of that its symbols, as the verbal judgments do, share the role of expression and that they, those stored answers, lay there without but aiming at their targets, any possible questions in any time; the software of the oracle program with peculiar regulations works query put forwards by asker to link certain hexagram so as to make the ready answers stirred into activation. It is only in thus process that I Ching succeeds in its own initialization and reveals its sense thoroughly. Thereafter, in this process, a trait withing referring to the essence of I Ching comes forth between query and responsive judgment resides a gap, a vacancy of reason. In order to fulfill a reasonable connection, it needs a bridge across or something to infill, assuredly, through an irrational more than rational way inasmuch as the question and answer pair by chance so that, instead of reasoning, the intuitive treatment will be mostly available. This manifests, I Ching shows its whole in the unique inner course of question-answer’s performing wherewith offers stimulative means for intuition, hence, it is concluded, benefits the intuition of human being functionally. 中国大学排名
Key words and phrases
Exploration, function, I Ching, intuition, system
《周易》留给后人许多有益的东西。我感兴趣藏在它下面的那些东西,不论它们是否已经真正给人们带来过益处。因为,只要它存在着,它就是有用的。可从中启迪、获益。
在《周易》下面藏着的东西中,有一个便是直觉(intuition)。《周易》下面的直觉,正是本文要考查探究的。
这样的探究需要先搞清有关直觉本身的两个问题。
其一,直觉究竟是什么。在这个问题上,西方学者从心理学的或哲学的角度虽进行了很有益的探讨,如精神分析在考察无意识时的研究,如伯格森(Henri Bergson,1859-1941)的形而上学式研究,但总得来讲,我们对它仍知之甚少,还不足以作出十分明确的界定。这里,我们依然沿用“直觉”的基本含义:“不诉诸理性(推理)的理解力”( the power of understanding something without
reasoning);
另一,研究、描述的可能性问题。按照理性的(rational,通常是指推理的reasoning)观点,直觉无法展开为一个过程,无法看到它的因果细节。事实上,这里暗含着一个悖论。一方面,直觉的非逻辑、非理性说明,逻辑或理性在它面前是苍白无力的,而另一方面,人们研究及叙述它又需要逻辑、需要理性。这多多少少说明了人类在自己的直觉面前的无奈。但,并不意味人类在直觉面前是无能的。我这样看,考查直觉不妨可以进到它的里面,充分感受它、体认它,而相应的研究则可以站到外面,在与正常理性(或分析)的比较当中阐释、描述它。(已有的研究也多是这样做的。)
将论题定位为藏在《周易》其下,一层意思是说,直觉问题是《周易》所论中至为深刻的内容;另一层意思则在强调,《周易》是以其晦涩的、间接的方式来论直觉的。囚此,不清理研究的思路,很难深入进去、很难探出个所以然来。就此,想谈一谈跟这种探究相关的4个方法态度问题。
(科教论文网 lw.NsEac.com编辑整理)
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