引黄水在北大港水库蓄存期水质咸化机理分析及
2017-08-14 05:16
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摘要：长期以来，“引黄济津”工程是解决天津市缺水问题的一
摘要：长期以来，“引黄济津”工程是解决天津市缺水问题的一项有效措施，北大港水库是该工程唯一的调蓄水库。“引黄水”经北大港水库蓄存一段时间后水质咸化，氯离子浓度超过了地表水ⅲ类水质标准。从质量传递理论出发，全面地分析了“引黄水”水质咸化的原因，得出了“引黄水”水质咸化受北大港水库所处地区的自然地理条件和气象条件影响的结论，提出了减缓“引黄水”水质咸化速度的一些工程措施。
关键词：北大港水库 水质咸化 传质理论 防治措施 analysis on yin-huang water salinization mechanism during being stored in bei-da-gang reservoir and prevention measures zhao wenyu1,2 wang qishan1 zhao yuming3 cui haitao3 liu chengjian3 sun zengfeng1 zheng liyan1 wu libo1(1.nankai university, tian jin, 300071;2. guilin institute of technology, guilin, guang xi, 541004;3. bei-da-gang reservoir administration departmentalism, tian jin, 300270)
abstract: the project of yellow river division for tianjin (also called yin-huang-ji-jin project) is an effective measure to resolve the problem of water resource shortage in tianjin city. bei-da-gang reservoir is the only one regulating reservoir for this project. yin-huang water gets salted during being stored in bei-da-gang reservoir and the cl- concentration goes beyond the ⅲ standard of ground water quality finally. based on mass transfer theory, yin-huang water salinization mechanism is roundly analyzed. it is concluded that the yin-huang water salinization mechanism is mainly affected by the physical geography and weather condition in bei-da-gang reservoir area. some project to retard the speed of the salinization is proposed in the article. key words: bei-da-gang reservoir; water salinization; mass transfer theory；prevention measures1 “引黄水”在北大港水库蓄存前后盐度变化情况“引黄济津”工程是国家为解决天津市水资源严重溃缺问题而实施的一项重要应急措施[1]，“南水北调”工程是国家为解决北方缺水问题而制定的一项具有战略意义的重要决策。北大港水库作为“引黄济津”工程和“南水北调”工程东线备用方案的调蓄水库，研究“引黄”、“引江”的淡水（目前只有“引黄水”）在北大港水库蓄存期咸化机理有重大的现实意义与深远的战略意义。北大港水库是位于天津市大港区的一座大型平原水库。大港区是由退海形成的滨海平原地区。北大港水库所在地区在历史上为洪沥水冲积之古泻湖、逐渐演变为海进海退盐碱荒芜的渍水之地，后经人工围堰建坝形成现存规模的北大港水库[2]。“引黄水”在北大港水库蓄存一段时间后水质与原黄河水水质有很大的差异，特别是其盐度（本文只考察氯离子浓度）变化很大。由表1可明显看出，“引黄水”在北大港水库蓄存一段时间后，氯离子浓度逐步增加。2 传质理论简述质量传递是属于传递现象的范畴，传递现象是自然界和工程技术中普遍存在的现象。质量传递是物系中一个或几个组分由高浓度区向低浓度区转移的一种现象，描述质量传递现象定律为费克定律[3]，表达式如下：表1 引水期间“引黄水”与在北大港水库中蓄存一段时间后的“引黄水”氯离子浓度比较tab.1 compare of cl- concentration in “yin-huang” water between the drawing water period and some time after being storied in bei-da-gang reservoir
