谈谈对奈达的所知和理解(1)
2015-03-12 02:32
导读:英语论文论文,谈谈对奈达的所知和理解(1)论文样本,在线游览或下载,科教论文网海量论文供你参考:
摘要:本文分四部分,主要介绍奈达的学术成果和在美国《圣经
摘要:本文分四部分,主要介绍奈达的学术成果和在美国《圣经》翻译学会任语言咨询员时的作为,及怎样处理翻译理论与实践的关系,怎样看待直译。本文也是对奈达新作《语言迷》的介绍。关键词:理论,实践,直译,意译Abstract:This article has four parts in it, devoted chiefly to what Dr. Eugene A. Nida has achieved academically and as a language consultant of the American Bible Society, what he has done about translation theory and practice, and how he looks at literal translation. This article is also meant as a recommendation of his latest book Fascinated by Language.Key words: theory, practice, literal translation, liberal translation学者奈达
奈达是一位世界知名的语言学家。他到过96个国家,在100多所大学作过讲座,来中国有 13次之多。直至2003年,在89岁的高龄,他还到非洲讲学。说奈达著作等身并不为过。据上海
外语教育出版社 2001年在奈达所著Language and Culture(语言与文化)一书的封底介绍,他单独或合作出版书 40多部,发表论文250余篇。 2003年美国约翰·本杰明斯出版公司(John Benjamins Publishing Company)出版他所著Fascinated by Language(语言迷)一书的附录中,列有书名、出版社名、合作者名以及出版时间的书有29本,统计截止时间为1996年。列有文章名、发表时间以及杂志名的重要论文 (important articles) 111篇,统计截止时间为1998年。另外,还有13本专供《圣经》译者使用的参考书 (handbooks),均由《圣经》联合会出版。其中一本出版于1961年,其他12本在1972至1983年间。奈达的第一本专著是《〈圣经〉翻译》(Bible Translating),出版于1946年。最有影响的是《翻译的科学探索》(Toward a Science of Translating),出版于1964年。其次要数《翻译理论与实践》(The Theory and Practice of Translation),与查尔斯·泰伯(Charles R. Taber)合著,出版于1969年。最新的一本书是《语言迷》(Fascinated by Language),2003年由美国约翰·本杰明斯出版公司(John Benjamins Publishing Company)出版。由于奈达现在健康状况仍佳,我们尚不能说《语言迷》是压卷之作,但这本书有其独特意义。它系统叙述了奈达在世界《圣经》翻译中数十年的经历,也反映了他的主要翻译观,但由于出版时间不长,且售价相当高(全书157页,售价65美元),我国译界鲜有人知。这本书澄清了一个重大误传: 原来,尽管一生与《圣经》翻译不分,但奈达并没有翻译出版过《圣经》。在该书的135页他写道:“Lecturers and writers frequently refer to me as a Bible translator who learned something about linguistics and translation. But I have never translated a chapter of the Bible for publication, nor have I ever been a member of a translating committee. I am simply a linguist specializing in language and cultural anthropology, and because of this I was invited by the American Bible Society to find out why so many of their publications of the Scriptures were so seldom read and so frequently misunderstood.”“人们在讲座和写文章时常说我翻译了《圣经》,对语言学和翻译所知甚多。然而,我从来没有翻译过《圣经》中的哪章哪节出版,也不是哪个翻译机构的译员。我仅仅从事语言和文化的研究,而且由于有这方面的研究,美国《圣经》学会便邀请我了解为什么他们的许多《圣经》译本很少人爱用,又常常被误解。”(笔者译,下同)但是,他对世界各地的《圣经》翻译做出了杰出贡献。在1943至1981年长达38年的时间里,奈达一直担任美国《圣经》学会的语言咨询员(language consultant),周游列国,指导《圣经》翻译。所以,严格说来,奈达不是翻译家,而是语言学家、翻译理论家。奈达的学术成就斐然,但非常谦虚谨慎。在Fascinated by Language一书的第139页他写道:“In writing all my different books and articles, I have always endeavored to test ideas with audiences by encouraging their responses and by carefully reading their facial expressions as I speak. I am extremely indebted to those who question what I have said and who argue with me. In a recent series of lectures in ten different universities in China, I asked people to write out their questions and comments, which I responded to as meaningfully as I could but I kept all the slips and used them as the basis for the book on Contexts in Translating .”“无论写何种书或文章,我都要争取多多了解人们对我的观点的看法,鼓励他们发表意见,注意观察他们听我说话时的表情。我特别感谢那些对我的话提出质疑的人,与我辩论的人。我后来在中国十所大学作一系列讲座时,请听众把问题和意见写在纸上,尽量清楚作答。那些纸条我都保留着,后来用作了《翻译与语境的关系》一书的资料。”从笔者与奈达的接触看,此话不是他往自己脸上贴的金。笔者晚在1998年才与奈达见过面,且由于在场人多,只交流了寥寥几句。奈达回比利时后笔者向他谈了一些看法。奈达当时正在写《翻译与语境的关系》一书,出人意料地将大部分书稿寄给了笔者征求意见。奈达在Fascinated by Language一书的第140页自称是一个不拘一格的人和讲究实际的人(an eclectic and a pragmatic)。他说:“In the three areas of research in which I have been involved throughout my life, namely, linguistics, cultural anthropology, and Bible translation, I have always been fearful of holistic systems, whether ideological or linguistic, but I have always been open to ideas that produce valuable and measurable results. Particular data and insights can be accepted as relevant and true, but building these into systems of thought can stifle creativity and lock minds shut to new evidence.”“在终生从事的语言、文化和《圣经》翻译三领域研究中,我最忌一套套包罗万象的东西,无论是想得还是说得包罗万象,但是我非常乐意接受能产生具体和有价值的结果的看法。特定的资料和见解固然具体而可靠,不过如果把它们归纳成一套套的思想,那就会压抑创造性,使头脑闭塞,接受不了其他事物。”奈达著作等身的一个重要原因可能就在于他思路开阔又脚踏实地。理论立足实践