语言影响思维——外语学习对中国人思维造成的
2016-05-01 01:04
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[Abstract]Thispaperpresentsacarefulanalysisoftherelationsbetweenthoughtandlanguag
[Abstract]Thispaperpresentsacarefulanalysisoftherelationsbetweenthoughtandlanguage,whichprovidesthepreconditionfortheexplorationintherestchapters.Therehavebeenmanyargumentsfortheexplorationbetweenthoughtandlanguage.AmongthemisthefamousSpair-Whorfhypothesis,whichproposeslinguisticdeterminismandlinguisticrelativity.Fromthishypothesiswededucethatsinceeverylanguagehasaformandnotwoformsarethesame,notwocultureshavingdifferentlanguagescanhaveidenticalviewsoftheworld.ChapterTwoofthisthesismakesacomparativestudyofthethinkingstylesoftheChineseandEnglishinfouraspects:figurativethinkingvs.abstractthinking,comprehensivethinkingvs.analyticalthinking,subject-centeredthinkingvs.object-centeredthinkingaswellasstraightthinkingvs.conversethinking.Thoughtisthebasisoflanguageandlanguagehastodependonthoughtforitscontent;atthesametime,languageprovidesthebestinstrumentfortheexpressionandcommunicationofthought.Theillustrationoftherelationbetweenthoughtandlanguageplacesusinabetterpositiontoclarifythatlanguageinfluencesthought,particularlyhowEnglishstudyingcouldinfluenceChinese’sthought.
[KeyWords]language;thought;Spair-Whorfhypothesis;Englishstudy
【摘要】迄今为止，有许多关于思维和语言两者之间关系的争论，其中最著名的就是萨丕尔-沃尔夫假设，它提出了语言决定论和语言相对论的观点。从这个假设中，我们可以推导出，由于每种语言都有自己的形式，没有两种语言的形式是一模一样的，因此具有不同语言的不同文化对世界可能有不同的看法。不同民族的思维方式虽相似之处颇多，但又各具特点。因此，本文的第二部分着重从四个方面对汉、英两种语言所体现的逻辑思维进行了分析和对比，即:具象思维和抽象思维;综合思维和分析思维;主体思维和客体思维以及顺向思维和逆向思维。语言是表达和传播思维的最佳工具。思维作用于语言，语言也作用于思维。阐释过思维与语言的关系之后，我们能够更好的分析语言对思维的影响，特别是
英语学习对中国人的思维产生的影响。
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【关键词】语言；思维；萨丕尔-沃尔夫假设；英语学习
1.Introduction
Therehavebeenmanyargumentsfortheexplorationbetweenthoughtandlanguage.AmongthemisthefamousSpair-Whorfhypothesis[1],whichproposeslinguisticdeterminismandlinguisticrelativity.Putinanextremeform,thishypothesisfollowsthatsinceeverylanguagehasaformandnotwoformsarethesame,notwocultureshavingdifferentlanguagescanhaveidenticalviewsoftheworld.Thoughtisthebasisoflanguageandlanguagehastodependonthoughtforitscontent,atthesametime,languageprovidesthebestinstrumentfortheexpressionandcommunicationofthought.Theillustrationoftherelationbetweenthoughtandlanguageplacesusinabetterpositiontoclarifythatlanguageinfluencesthought,particularlyhowEnglishstudyingcouldinfluenceChinese’sthought,forChinesepeoplehavebeenstudyingEnglishforveryalongtimeandalmosteverystudentinChinesehastostudyit.HavinglearnedtheEnglishfor10years,theChinesestudentsmaybeinfluencedbythelanguageinthought.HerepresentsthehypothesisthatEnglishstudyingcouldinfluenceChinesepeople’sthoughtinsomeaspects.
2.LanguageandThought
2.1Whatislanguage?
Modernlinguistshaveproposedvariousdefinitionsoflanguage,andsomeofthemarequotedbelow:
“Languageisapurelyhumanandnon-instinctivemethodofcommunicatingideas,emotionsanddesiresbymeansofvoluntarilyproducedsymbols.”(Sapir,1921)[2]
