A Semantic Analysis of the Different Types ofMeanings in Tra
2017-08-07 06:19
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【Abstract】Translation deals with transfer of meaning, and Semantics is the st
【Abstract】Translation deals with transfer of meaning, and Semantics is the study of meaning. So we cannot study translation without some knowledge of semantics. This paper discusses the different types of meanings in translation from the perspective of Semantics. The results of the study can help to further comprehend the original language and improve translation.【Key words】Semantics; Meaning; Translation1. IntroductionAccording to Peter Newmark, translation is “rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text” (Peter Newmark, 1988: 4). Since translation deals with transfer of meaning, and semantics is the study of meaning, we cannot study translation without some knowledge of semantics. Usually we may consider the process of translation as consisting of two stages: accurate comprehension and adequate representation. The former is the precondition of the latter. If we compare this process with that of building a house, accurate comprehension is laying the foundations. To have an accurate comprehension of the source text is of vital importance. However, when we translate, we may suddenly find that understanding is not really something we can take for granted. A sound understanding of the source language does not take place naturally, and usually it takes a great deal of effort. Generally speaking, there are three ways for analyzing the meaning: semantic analysis, contextual analysis, and pragmatic analysis. This paper tries to find out the meaning of “meaning” through semantic analysis.2. Meaning is complicatedA word’s meaning cannot be simply gained by consulting the dictionary, because the dictionary definitions of a word are “context-free”, e.g.:（1）Out in the west where men are men.（2）Do you mean funny, peculiar, or funny, ha ha?（3） He helped many young writers to find themselves and then to find publishers.In the above examples, the two men, funny, and find have different meanings, and it is just through this difference of meaning that the effect of humor is achieved. No wonder that Wittgenstein said, “The meaning of a word is its use in the language.”(Wittgenstein, 1953) In deciding the precise meaning, we would have to distinguish different kinds of meanings. Besides, the semantic relations should also be taken into consideration, such as polysemy, synonymy, antonymy, etc..3. Different types of meaningsMeaning is complicated. The first difficulty in the study of meaning is that the word “meaning” itself has many different meanings. In their book the Meaning of Meaning written in 1923, C. K. Ogden and I. A. Richards presented 16 major categories of them, with sub-categories all together, numbering 22.Different linguists have categorized multiple types of meanings.3.1 Charles Morris’ three types of meaningsAccording to Charles Morris, there are three types of meanings: referential meaning (the relationship between signs and entities in the world), pragmatic meaning (the relationship between signs and their users; it includes identificational meaning, expressive meaning, associative meaning, social meaning, and imperative meaning), and intralingual meaning (the relationship between different signs; it includes phonological meaning, graphemic meaning, morphological or lexemic meaning, syntactic meaning, and discoursal or textual meaning).共2页: 1 [2] 下一页 论文出处(作者):王 三
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