对行政指导赔偿责任的几点思考

　　【摘要】《最高人民法院关于执行〈中华人民共和国行政诉讼法〉若干问题的解释》中规定“不具有强制力的行政指导行为”不在行政诉讼的受案范围,从法治发达国家的经验和我国的实践来看,这里的不具有强制力的行政指导行为是行政指导的一种类型,因而“具有强制力”的行政指导应纳入行政诉讼,同时这里的强制力要件也会成为某些类型的行政赔偿诉讼的要件。在赔偿之诉的启动前提上,出于对行政指导造成的损害进行补救主要是一个私益救济而非公法评价问题,行政指导赔偿之诉不应以确认违法为前提。在赔偿之诉的构成要件上,应当根据几种行政指导类型构成要件上的不同,进行分类处理。至于内部行政指导,虽然在是否纳入行政诉讼上尚有待研究,但在赔偿问题上,由于其与损害间的因果关系是确定无疑的,所以纳入到赔偿之诉是理所当然的。可以参照《中华人民共和国行政复议法》、《中华人民共和国公务员法》和国外有关经验,追究作出内部指导的上级机关的责任,以实现权责统一。
　　【关键词】行政指导;赔偿之诉;内部行政指导
　　
　　【Abstract】In the “interpretation of a number of issues on the implementation of ‘Administrative Procedure Law of People’s Republic of China’ by the Supreme People’s Court ”, “ the Administrative Guidance without law enforcement ” is not in the scope of accepting cases of administrative litigation. From the practice of our country and other advanced countries ruled of law, we can find that “ the Administrative Guidance without law enforcement ” is just one type of Administrative Guidance. Thus “ the Administrative Guidance with enforcement” should be included in the scope of accepting cases of administrative litigation. At the same time, “enforcement” should be the element of the compensation proceeding against certain type of Administrative Guidance. Because how to remedy the damage by the Administrative Guidance is an issue about private interest rather than an issue about public evaluation, the confirmation of illegal should not be the premise of compensation proceedings. As to the composing element of the compensation proceedings, we should carry out classification based on the composing element of different types of Administrative Guidance. As for internal Administrative Guidance, although whether or not put it into the accepting cases of administrative litigation is still a question needed to research, initiate a compensation proceeding is without any question because the causal relationship between the action and the damage is well-established. In order to accomplish the unification of the power and responsibility, We can refer to “the Administrative Review Law of the People’s Republic of China”,“Civil Servant Law of People’s Republic of China” and experience of foreign countries, and let the high authority who make the internal administrative guidance assume responsibility. （科教范文网http://fw.ΝsΕΑc.com编辑）
　　【Key words】Administrative Guidance Compensation ProceedingInternal Administrative Guidance