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[7][日]美浓布达吉.宪法学原理[M].欧宗佑、何作霖译.北京:中国政法大学出版社.2003.170—171. (转载自中国科教评价网www.nseac.com )
[8][10][英]哈耶克.经济、科学与政治———哈耶克思想精粹[M].冯克利译.南京:江苏人民出版社.2000.393;393.
[9][美]罗伯特·A·达尔.现代政治分析[M].王沪宁,陈峰译.上海:上海译文出版社.1987.19.
[11][英]边沁.道德与立法原理导论[M].时殷弘译.北京:商务印书馆.2000.58.
[12][美]阿伦·艾德斯,克里斯托弗·N·梅.宪法个人权利:案例与解析(第二版)(英文影印).北京:中信出版社.2003.137.
[13]陈新民.公益征收的目的[J]注释20.德国公法学基础理论(下册)[M].济南:山东人民出版社.2001.483.
[14]日本的国土利用及土地征用法律精选[M].姜贵善译.北京:地质出版社.2000.40-45.
[15]黄河、杨为乔.土地征用若干法律问题探讨[J].1998年中国民法经济法年会论文集.西安:陕西人民出版社.1999.23.
[16]台湾地区《土地征收条例》(2000年公布)
[①]在此特别感谢美国宪法学专家Professor Elizabeth Spahn (New England School of Law) 在她与笔者的信件中对此问题上的解释。鉴于美国各州情形并不完全一致,她信中表述观点既是一种普遍理论,也是一种经验做法。因此,笔者将其来函的部分原文引用如下,以资佐证:
Generally in a constitutional common law system, the original power to define public good would be in the legislature (Congress at the federal level, or state legislatures). Normally a statute passed by the legislature would define public good. Sometimes an administrative agency might have received power from the legislative statute to issue additional interpretations or regulations further explaining the legislative intent in defining public good. But the administrative agency cannot change the meaning of the statute, or go against the legislatures intent.
The courts would then apply the legislative (and administrative if any) interpretations of public good to a specific factual dispute. Normally the administrative agency would not apply the statute to a specific dispute where the government is taking private property. This would be done by the courts. Sometimes in order to apply the meaning of public good, the judges would have to interpret the statute or administrative regulations, but the judges would not go against the intent of the legislature or the administrative agency.
The exception to this normal procedure would be if the legislative statute definition of public good conflicts with the Constitution. Happily this is a very rare situation, but if it does occur that the Congress statute conflicts with the Constitution, then the judges are bound to apply the highest law (the Constitution) and strike down the legislative statute. (The power to strike down a statute because it conflicts with the Constitution is fairly rare, and the judges have many techniques to try to avoid such a result.)
[②] 在这一点上,法国存在相似做法。据法国埃克斯--马赛第三大学公法学者Christine CHAIGNE向笔者介绍,法国在公益征收征用时对公共利益的界定,是由行政机关依据一些基本原则确认,相对人若有争议,则诉之行政法院,由行政法院法官最终裁定。笔者以为,法国采取这种模式的原因:一是公益征收征用案件较少;二是公众对法官的信任程度高;三是据她介绍,由于法国补偿额高,往往超过市价,相对人对公益征收征用是“偷着乐”,故无多少争议。 (转载自中国科教评价网www.nseac.com )
[③]目前许多省级法院用文件形式制定办案的实体或程序规则,实际是一种违法行为。
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