民事立法对过错责任原则和严格责任原则的选择

摘 　要

过错责任原则的精神实质在于无过错则无责任。严格责任原则的精神实质在于法律对危险性行为责任的合理分配。在法律经济学的视角下不同的侵权责任原则就意味着不同的效率和激励。效率原则要求侵权责任的归责原则应当能使预防成本、事故的损失成本以及社会成本的总和降到最低。过错责任原则与严格责任原则在经济价值取向上的差异表现为：过错责任原则适合双边预防而严格责任原则适用于单边预防。与过错责任相比较，严格责任原则能更有效的起到预防作用和降低诉讼成本的作用。从经济价值和民事归责参考标准的角度出发，进而提出了完善过错责任原则和严格责任原则在我国产品责任、动物致人损害责任中的具体措施：制定统1的《产品责任法》、明确产品销售者的责任、区分不同动物的危险性并制定相应的归责原则。

关键词:严格责任原则；过错责任原则；归责原则；效率；参考标准;
       具体措施

Abstract

 The  spiritual essence of fault responsibility principle is that faultless means irresponsibility The Spiritual essence of strict responsibility principle is that law distributes the responsibility of dangerous behavior reasonably. From the perspective of legal economics, different principles mean different efficiency and incentive. According to the principle of efficiency, tort liability principles ought to minimize the accidents costs including the prevention cost, the accident loss, as well as the social costs. The difference between fault responsibility principle and strict responsibility principle in the value of economy is that fault responsibility principle fits bilateral prevention, but strict responsibility principle fits unilateral prevention. Compared with fault responsibility principle, strict responsibility principle makes better use of prevention and reducing the costs of proceedings. From economic value and the reference standard angle of civil responsibility to embark，then proposes concrete measure of fault responsibility principle and strict responsibility principle in product liability and animal tort liability: Making a unified product liability law、Establishing the responsibility of the seller 、Differentiating the danger between different animals and lying down the appropriate rules.

Key words: Strict responsibility; Fault responsibility; Imputation principles;  Efficiency;  Reference standard;  Concrete measure （科教论文网 lw.NsEac.com编辑整理）
..............................
注：【包括：毕业，任务书，开题报告】