论常德方言

摘  要：常德方言归属北方方言分支的西南官话，是湖南地区西南官话的重要代表，俗有“小北京话”之称，在语音、词汇、语法等方面都保留有不少北方话的特征；同时由于处于湖南境内，受周边地区湘方言的影响，又往往体现出1些湘语的特点。本从语音、词汇、语法3方面对常德方言进行了描述，重在探究常德方言相对普通话以及临近方言的特殊之处，还从历史文化的角度对常德方言的形成以及某些方言词汇的构词理据作了分析和讨论。

关键词：轻声  儿化  变调  构词理据  文化理据
修辞理据  风俗词语

Abstract: Changde dialect which ownerships the branch of north dialect--- the southwest official words, is the important representative of southwest official words in Hunan region. It has " little Beijing words " fit customly, and it has the feature of a lot of north words in speech sound, vocabulary, grammar and such aspect remain .At the same time because it’s in Hunan boundary , receive the influence of Xiang dialect priphery region,again often embody some the characteristic of Xiang language. this paper describe for Changde dialect from speech sound, vocabulary and grammar aspectsvalue in probe Changde dialect relative to Putonghua as well as the special place of close to dialect, return from the angle of historical culture for Changde dialect form as well as some dialect vocabularies Gou word reason according to have made analysis and discussion.

Key words:light tone  the retrofles ending   modified tone
         The reason of word formation   the culture reason  the rhetoric reason  custom words