中学语文教材文言文注释“某通（同）某”质疑

摘   要

通假字、古今字、异体字是人们在阅读古文时经常会遇到的问题。由于某些字的义界不清，通假字、古今字、异体字常常交叉重叠。中学语文教材文言文注释“某通（同）某”中就存在这样的问题。同1个字，不同年级、不同课文的教材或注为通假字，或注为古今字，或注为异体字，让师生们莫衷1是。对于同1个字，相同的意思，初中语文教材文言文中的注释和高中语文教材文言文中的注释竟然不同。此外，即使是同1教材编写组，对同1个字相同义项的注释也存在分歧。中学语文教材的编写者在所编选的文言文注释中没有将通假字、古今字、异体字进行严格的区分，或许是考虑中学生初接触古文，不宜增加其学习上的难度。但将3个不同的概念混为1谈的做法，可谓是后患无穷。而且同1套教材所编选的文言文注释“某通（同）某”中，就同1个字相同义项的注释有必要做到统1，否则很容易造成中学生学习上的误区。
关键词：中学语文教材；文言文；注释；通假字；古今字；异体字

ABSTRACT

 The interchangeable words, the ancient and modern words, variants is a question that people can meet frequently when they read classical Chinese literature. Because the righteousness of some characters is unclear, the interchangeable words, the ancient and modern words, variants overlap frequently. There are some questions about “Mou Tong (Tong) Mou” in the annotation of classical style of writing in teaching material of middle school. The identical character in the different grade and different text of teaching material is noted the interchangeable words, or the ancient and modern words, or variants. That making the teachers and students unable to agree or decide which is right. And there are different annotations between the junior middle school’s teaching material of Chinese and the senior middle school’s. In addition, even if the identical teaching material compilation group, also has the difference about an identical character synonymous annotation. The editors of middle school’s teaching material of Chinese who didn’t make a strict differentiation among the interchangeable words, the ancient and modern words, variants, maybe consider the students who contact with the classical Chinese literature firstly, not suitably to increase the difficulty of their studies. But the way of confusing the three different concepts, it may be said is no end of the trouble for the future. Moreover, it is necessary that an identical character and the same meaning of the classical style of writing ’s annotation in " Mou Tong (Tong) Mou " be united , otherwise it is easily to make the students confused.