浅谈否定副词“不”和“没”

摘   要

否定副词“不”和“没”的语义特征导致了2者的用法不同，特别是“不”与“没”在表时上有很大差异。同时2者的差别还体现在与现代汉语中表示体范畴的词组合能力上。
“不”和“没”的区别并非2者是否受时间因素制约的问题，也并非单纯的语义问题，而是1个涉及时、体、语义和语境等多种因素的复杂问题。所以单纯从语义角度去解释，有些问题仍然得不到令人信服的答案。本文将从“不”与“没”与谓词组合能力，以及2者的表时差异，表体差异3个角度，比较“不”与“没”的不同。另外本文还将结合具体的语境对副词“不”和“没”的区别进行进1步探讨。
关键词：“不” ；“没” ；句法功能； 语义特征
 

ABSTRACT

The semantic feature of negative adverb “bu” and “mei” causes the usage of this two words different, especially when they express tense.  At the same time， their differences also reflect in ability of combine with words which express “aspect” in modern Chinese.
The difference between “bu” and “mei” is not a simple problem of whether they have been restricted by tense factory, and also not simple semantic feature problem, but a complicated problem that involves various factors, such as tense, aspect, and the language context. So explain simply, some questions can not still get the convincing answer in terms of semanteme. This text will compare “bu” and “mei” in three respects: the ability of combine with predicate word, different usage when they express “tens”, different usage when they express “aspect”. In addition, this text will also combine the concrete language context to analyse the further differences of the adverbial words “bu” and “mei”. （科教范文网http://fw.nseac.com）
Key words: “bu”; “mei”; Function of the sentence structure; Semantic feature