公交车调度方案设计

公交车调度优化模型设计
 
 
摘要  本文所要解决的是公交车调度的问题，首先根据所具备的数据资料以及要求，考虑到乘客等车时间的限制，建立了1个线性模型，使所求得的调度方案更符合题目要求。然后，从乘客与公交公司的利益出发，设定1系列的指标，利用模糊评价的方法来对调度方案进行综合分析与评价。其次，把这个调度问题抽象成为1个数学规划模型，通过到本城市公交车站实地调查访问，得到运营数据的采集方法。最后，利用计算机模拟的方法对模型进行了检验，同时对模型的优缺点进行了分析，并提出改进方向。在模型1中，对问题1建立了求最大客容量、车次数、发车时间间隔等模型，运用决策方法给出了各时段最大客容量数，再与车辆最大客容量比较，得出载完该时组乘客的最少车次462次，从便于操作和发车密度考虑，给出了整分发车时刻表和需要的最少车辆数61辆。模型2建立模糊分析模型，结合层次分析求得模型1带给公司和乘客双方日满意度为（0.941，0.811）；根据双方满意度范围和程度，找出同时到达双方最优满意度（0.8807，0.8807），且此时结果为474次50辆；从日共需车辆最少考虑，结果为484次45辆。对问题2，交待了综合效益目标模型及线性规划法求解。对于问题3，借助了查阅资料和搜集数据。

关键词  公交调度；层次分析；满意度。

Abstract This text wants to resolve of is data data and requests that bus adjust a degree problems, have according to first, in consideration of horary restrict in car in etc. in passenger, established a line model, make begged of adjust a project even meet the topic request.Then, hand over with  from the passenger the benefits of the company set out, setting up a series of index sign, making use of the method of the misty evaluation to make exchange a project proceed to synthesize the analysis and evaluate.The next in order, adjust an of thises degree the problem abstraction becomes a the piece learns to program the model, passing this city bus stop on-site inspection visit, being carried the camp data collects the method.Finally, made use of the method that calculator imitate to proceed the examination to the model, at the same time to the merit and shortcoming proceeding of the model analysis, and put forward to improve the direction.In model first, to problem 1 established to beg the biggest a capacity, car the number of times, hair car time partition etc. model, application decision the method gave the biggest a capacity in each time counts, comparing with biggest a capacity in vehicle again, getting a minimal car for carrying overly should hour a passenger a minimal vehicle for 462 times, from the easy to operation with hair car density considering, giving first wholely distributing the car schedule with needing count 61.Model two establish the misty analysis model, the combination level of structure analysis begs the model on bringing the company with both parties day in passenger approval is;(0.941,0.811)According to both parties approval scope with degree, find out to arrive the both parties superior approval(0.8807,0.8807) at the same time, and the this time result is 474 times 50;Need the vehicle totally from the day minimal consider, result is 484 times 45.To the problem 2, handed over to treat to synthesize performance target model and line programming methods beg the solution.For the problem 3, asked for help to check the data with collects data.

Keywords The hands over to adjust degree; Level of structure analysis;Approval.

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1 前言
公共交通是城市交通的重要组成部分。做好公交车的调度，对于完善城市交通环境、改进市民出行状况、提高公交公司的经济和社会效益，都具有重要意义。下面考虑1条公交线路上公交车的调度问题，其数据来自我国1座特大城市某条公交线路的客流调查和运营资料。
该条公交线路上行方向共14个站，下行方向共13站，表1.1和表1.2给出的是典型的1个工作日两个运行方向各站上下车的乘客数量统计。公交公司配给该线路同1型号的大客车，每辆标准载客100人，据统计客车在该线路上运行的平均速度为20公里每小时。运营调度要求，乘客候车时间1般不要超过10分钟，早高峰时1般不要超过5分钟，车辆满载率不应超过120%，1般也不要低于50%。
试根据这些资料和要求，为该线路设计1个便于操作的全天(工作日)的公交车调度方案，包括两个起点站的发车时刻表；1共需要多少辆车；这个方案以怎样的程度照顾到了乘客和公交公司双方的利益等等。
如何将这个调度问题抽象成1个明确、完整的数学模型，指出求解模型的方法；根据实际问题的要求，如果要设计更好的调度方案，应如何采集运营数据。