英汉隐喻性词汇对比研究

A Contrastive Study of Metaphorical Words in
English and Chinese
Abstract

Metaphorical words are words that have the meaning of metaphor. It enable the glossary to have the metaphor significance, thus strengthen the metaphor expression accurate and vivid. This thesis studies the word-formation, motivations, metaphorical meanings and cultural connotation, and finds that: 1) metaphor is not only a rhetorical device but a ways to enrich vocabulary, to extend the meaning of the terms and dynamically records, and to reflect the development of the human cognitive process; 2) some present participles have a common feature when they are used as metaphorical words and the deviational meaning will appear in the time of the collocation of it and its modifier; 3) different cultural context creates different metaphor vocabulary. To study metaphorical words, it’s good for enhancing the ability of understanding and expression, comprehending the meaning of words well and knowing the cultural of English countries deeply. It also can get the reality significance to the language teaching.

Key Words: metaphor; word-formation; metaphorical meanings;
cultural connotation; motivations

摘 要

隐喻是通过人类的认知和推理将1个概念域投射映合到另1个概念域，从而建立不同概念之间的相互联系。隐喻性词汇是1种有3种构成方式，即词性转化、添加词缀和使用分词的具有隐喻意义的词汇。隐喻性词汇通过以上3种主要方式的构成，使词汇具有了隐喻意义，从而增强了隐喻表达的准确性和形象性。本文从认知的角度对隐喻性词汇的构成方法、理据、喻意和文化内涵4个方面进行研究，得出 ⑴ 隐喻已不仅是语言使用者修饰所用词语的1种修辞手段，更重要的是它能丰富语言中的词汇，扩展词汇的词义，动态的记录人类认知的发展过程。⑵ 有些现在分词作为隐喻性的词语有1个共同点，在它们和被它们所修饰的词语之间在搭配上出现语意上的偏离。⑶ 不同的文化语境造成不同的隐喻性词汇。对隐喻性词汇的研究，有助于更有效的提高语言的理解能力和表达能力，理解词汇意义，更深1成地了解英语国家相关的文化知识，对于言教学能起到现实的意义。

关键词：隐喻、构词法、喻意、文化内涵、理据

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