英美议会制度比较研究

A Comparative Research on the System of Parliament
Between Britain and America
Abstract

The British Parliament was the model of the American parliament for painting. Both two countries act and form parliamentarisms with their own characteristics according to respective historical conditions. The British Parliament is gradually developed by its own several-hundred-year historical tradition, filled with historical characteristics. America has carried British tradition on the colony time, and also based on the Social Contract Theory, the National Sovereignty Theory, the Natural Rights Theory and so on, so it has its own characteristics and establishes the parliamentarism which is more plentiful. In this thesis, according to the retrospection of two parliaments’ developing processes and the analysis of differences between two parliaments and reasons for the differences. It aims at helping us better know the countries with representative system and guard our rights in these countries.

Key Words: Britain; America; parliamentarism; history; relation; differences

摘 要

英国议会为美国议会的范本，而两国根据各自的历史条件又形成了各自独具的特点。英国议会是由自身几百年的历史传统逐渐发展而来，其本身充满着英国的历史特色。美国则承袭了殖民地时期母国（英国）的议会制传统，又以资产阶级启蒙思想家社会契约论、国家主权说、天赋人权等为理论指导，创立了更为丰满且独具自身特点的议会制度。本文通过对英美两国议会制度各自的发展历程的回顾，对两者间的不同及其原因进行分析，使人们加深对代议制国家的认识或更好地保障自身在该国的权益。

关键词：英国、美国、议会制度、历史、联系、不同

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