论隐喻在汉英翻译中的处理

On Translating Metaphor from Chinese to English

Abstract

Metaphor is commonly used in daily language; it is one of the most important and basic method in human cognition domain. Metaphor is cognitive in essence, and it is a thought pattern manifested by language. This thesis firstly compares cognition linguistics with traditional rhetoric in the view point of metaphor, and sums up the classification, features and functions of metaphor in cognition linguistics. Then the thesis studies the correlations between culture and metaphor. On the basis of that, in light of corresponding metaphor cultural discrepancies and translation criteria, namely “faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance”, the thesis puts forward some translation strategies from Chinese metaphors to English. According to different geographical environments, color languages, religious beliefs, image association and allusions, the thesis respectively employs conversion, liberal translation, literal translation, substitute and literal translation adding annotation and so on. Finally, this thesis points out other factors hindering the translation from Chinese to English and some problems existing in translation strategies.

Key Words: metaphor; translation principle; language; culture; translation
strategies

摘 要

隐喻无处不在，它是人类认知重要的和基本的方式之1。隐喻在本质上是认知的，它是1种通过语言表现出来的思维方式。该文首先对隐喻在认知语言学和传统修辞学不同观点作比较，归纳了隐喻在认知领域的1些基本理论如它的分类、特点以及功能，然后该文又研究了隐喻与文化之间的相互关系，在此基础上，根据隐喻文化差异和翻译标准——信，达，雅，本文提出了隐喻中译英相应的主要翻译技巧。同时，该文又根据不同的地理环境、语言色彩、宗教信仰、形象联想和典故，采用不同的翻译方法，如分译、意译、直译、替代法、直译加注法等。该文在最后还提出了影响隐喻中译英的其它因素以及存在于翻译技巧上可以进1步研究的问题。

关键词：隐喻、翻译理论、语言、文化、翻译策略

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