副词EVER 的句法环境和语义特征

Syntactic Environments and Semantic Features of the Adverb EVERAbstract

   Studies of language can be divided into two main areas: studies of structure and studies of use. Traditionally, linguistic analyses have emphasized structure, however, modern linguistics pay more attention on language use. Corpus linguistics provides us a useful tool to study language use. Linguistics collected large amount of language information, then built up corpora. Finally, they can get linguistic conclusions. So we can see corpus linguistics plays an important role in linguistic researches. Thus, this thesis, introduces the way to investigate the word meaning and uses through corpus. Further, it discusses the conceptualization of words and its effect on syntax. Based on the theoretical discussion, the thesis explores the semantic features and syntactic environment of the adverb EVER. From the investigation, the thesis has found the adverb EVER often occur in attributive clauses, questions, conditional clauses, objective clause; and sometimes occurs after comparative or superlative degree of adjectives. Just in these syntactic environments the adverb EVER presents the semantic features as follows: negative meaning; interration meaning; skeptical meaning; conditional meaning; meaning of doing in past time. 

Key Words: word meaning; corpus linguistics; conceptualization of words; syntax; interaction between conceptualization and syntax; syntactic environment; semantic features 

摘 要

语言研究可以划分为两个主要的领域：结构研究与用法研究。传统的语言学分析强调结构，而现代语言学更多的把目光投向了语言的用法。从事这1研究不是研究语言在理论上的可能性，而是研究语言在文本中的实际用法。语料库语言学为人们研究语言的实际运用提供了1种10分有用的工具。语言学家通过搜集大量的语料信息，建立语料库，继而从语料库中发掘有用信息，总结出相应的语言学结论。因此，该文首先介绍用语料库研究方法考察词汇意义及用法。在此基础上，讨论词汇概念化及其对句法的影响。继而，利用语料库的研究方法考察副词EVER的语义特征和句法环境。本文通过调查发现，副词EVER分别出现在定语从句、疑问句、条件从句、“…as…as…”句型、宾语从句中，有时也会出现在句子中形容词比较级及最高级后。EVER正是在以上句法环境中，表现出了诸如否定、疑问、怀疑、假设、过去发生意义等的语义特征。

关键词：语料库语言学、概念化、句法学、句法环境、语义特征

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