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[关键词] 肩锁关节脱位;内固定;喙锁韧带重建
Clavicular hook plate and allogentic tendon grafts used in the treatment of acromioclavicular dislocation
DOU Qing-yin,LIANG Xu-qiang,ZHONG Wei.
Songgang People’s Hospital,Shenzhen 518105,China
[Abstract] Objective To evaluate the clinical effects of clavicular hook plate and allogentic tendon graft in the treatment of severe acromioclavicular dislocations.Methods 17 cases of severe acromioclavicular dislocations received open reduction and clavicular hook plates fixation.The coracoclavicular ligaments were reconstructed by freeze allogentic tendons.Results The good and excellent s evaluation.The shoulder rates of the cases were 93% according to Karlsson function recovered early,and the late effects were good,with less complications.Conclusion Such operation method produced suffice mechanic stability and biologic stability in the early and late stage respectively.
[Key words] acromioclavicular dislocation;internal fixation;coracoclavicular ligament
锁骨钩钢板已广泛应用于重度肩锁关节脱位的治疗,具有疗效确切、术后早期可恢复关节功能等优点,但也在一定程度上影响了骨科医生对恢复喙锁韧带结构完整的重视,手术操作上常常因为喙锁韧带较短,难以寻找,韧带修复相当困难,流于形式,以致内固定钢板取出后肩锁关节脱位复发。鉴于此,我们在锁骨钩钢板固定的基础上行异体肌腱重建喙锁韧带,最终达到肩锁关节的生物稳定。2002~2005年间,开展此型手术17例,并进行随访。结果显示远期疗效佳,现总结报告如下。
1 临床资料
1.1 一般资料 本组急性肩锁关节脱位依据Tossi分类均为Ⅲ型,共计17例,男12例,女5例,年龄17~52岁,平均30岁,左侧11例,右侧6例,均为单侧。伤因:车祸伤11例,重物砸伤2例,高处坠落伤2例,运动伤1例,打击伤1例。受伤距手术时间7h~14天。合并伤:颅脑损伤2例,同侧肘关节骨折1例。
1.2 手术方法 仰卧位,臂丛麻醉,患肩垫高,切口于锁骨中外1/3处远端向肩峰延伸,近端向内下方,切开深筋膜探查肩锁关节、斜方肌、喙锁韧带等损伤情况,清理肩锁关节间破裂的半月板组织及血肿,暴露锁骨远端的3cm骨质,向下分离暴露喙突,修复肩锁关节,正确将钩插至肩峰后下方,安装钢板并临时固定于锁骨,注意确保完全复位,必要时利用C型臂X线机证实。如复位不全可将钩弯度加大以调整复位。注意不可过度剥离附着于锁骨的软组织,固定完成后修复缝合关节囊及肩锁韧带,将新鲜冰冻异体肌腱折叠成双股,一端缝于喙突,另一端缝合在预先在锁骨上钻孔处,操作中注意保护锁骨下血管神经,最后修复三角肌、斜方肌筋膜,张力下缝合深筋膜。
1.3 术后处理 术后颈腕吊带悬吊患肢约1周,待疼痛明显减轻、肿胀消退后随意活动患肢,内固定钢板于术后6个月取出。
2 结果