英汉词汇文化对比及对英语教学的启示(1)(3)
2016-07-10 01:10
导读：3.1.1 Fixed theory words There are some words that have been established by using rules to express the same theory or the same object. For examples: (1) capitalism---资本主义 (2) socialism---社会主
3.1.1 Fixed theory words
There are some words that have been established by using rules to express the same theory or the same object. For examples:
(1) capitalism---资本主义 (2) socialism---社会主义
(3) Marxism---马克思主义 (4) man-made secondary planet---人造卫星
(5) science---科学 (6) society---社会
3.1.2 Body words
There are some words that are used to describe our human body
(1) “heart” mean “hollow muscular organ that pumps blood through the body”[6]. It has the same literal meaning with “心” in Chinese. They also mean a person’s thoughts and emotions, esp of love, ability to feel emotion.
“heart of stone” means “铁石心肠”, “sweet heart” means “爱人”, “from one’s heart” means “衷心” in Chinese, “to have one’s heart in one’s mouth” means “提心吊胆”, “heart to heart” means “心对心”.
(2)“die” and “死” have the same literal meaning and connotative meaning. Chinese and westerners both use other euphemistic words to express the meaning of “death” instead of using the two words directly. “pass away”--- “去世”, “go to heaven”--- “升天”, “go to west”--- “上西天”, “pay one’s debt to nature”--- “返归自然”, “meet one’s death”--- “丧命”, “end up”--- “死”
3.1.3 Metaphor words
There are some words that have the same connotations to make the metaphor. It can be clearly seen in the examples below:
(1) eat like a wolf--- eat quickly and a large sum of food while hungry 狼吞虎咽 (2) pure as the driven snow--- very white 洁白如雪
(3) hard as iron--- very firm 坚如钢铁
(4) light as feather--- very light 轻如鸿毛
(5) foxy--- as cunning as fox 狡猾的
In conclusion, because of the complete parallelism relationship between Chinese and English words, these words are understood well by students. So these words are easy to master for students, and teachers should take advantage of the relationship of complete parallelism. When meeting these words, teachers should ask students to find out the relating Chinese or English meaning so that students could remember them quickly and correctly. For example:
（科教作文网http://zw.ΝsΕAc.com发布） (1) How to teach “as busy as a bee [7]”? Let students imagine “How do bees work? They keep working busily without stop.” So we could understand “as busy as a bee” as “忙得不可开交”.
(2) eagle-eyed
Here “eagle” is one kind of animal whose character is that it has very good discernment. Therefore “eagle-eyed” is to express that one person can penetrate the phenomenon of things to study their essence and has very keen sight. In Chinese it means “眼力敏锐的”.
If teachers could relate Chinese with English, it will get half the effort with twice the result.
3.2 Half corresponding relationship
It means that the words have the same literal meaning but only have a part of the same cultural connotations or opposite cultural meanings.
3.2.1 A part of the same cultural connotations
There are some words that have the same literal meaning but only a part of the same cultural connotations. For example:
(1)In Chinese，“鼠” is in the derogatory sense. Therefore there exist many Chinese idioms which are to express some negative meaning. For example:
