浅谈在英语教学中交际能力的培养(1)(3)
2017-07-04 01:03
导读：“AccordingtoHymes,communicativecompetenceincludesfouraspects: (!)knowingwhetherornotsomethingisformallypossible(grammaticallyacceptable),whichisroughlyequivalenttoChomsky’slinguisticcompetence; (2
“AccordingtoHymes,communicativecompetenceincludesfouraspects:
(!)knowingwhetherornotsomethingisformallypossible(grammaticallyacceptable),whichisroughlyequivalenttoChomsky’slinguisticcompetence;
(2)knowingwhethersomethingisunderstandabletohumanbeings;
(3)knowingwhethersomethingisinlinewithsocialnorms;
(4)knowingwhetherornotsomethingisinfactdone:Dopeopleactuallyuselanguagethisway?”[5]
Inotherwords,communicativecompetenceentailsknowingnotonlythelanguagecodeortheformoflanguage,butalsowhattosaytowhomandhowtosayitappropriatelyinanygivensituation.Communicativecompetenceincludesknowledgeofwhattosay,when,how,where,andtowhom.
3.2Theimportanceofcommunicativecompetence
Whenwemasterthecommunicativecompetence,wecanspeak.Speakingistheskillthatstudentswillbejudgeduponmostinreal-lifesituations.Itisanimportantpartofeverydayinteractionandmostoftenthefirstimpressionofapersonisbasedonhis/herabilitytospeakfluentlyandcomprehensibly.So,asteachers,wehavearesponsibilitytopreparethestudentsasmuchaspossibletobeabletospeakinEnglishintherealworldoutsidetheclassroomandthetestingroom.Whenwecancommunicatewitheachotherthatmeanswehavemasteredaskill,justlikeswimming,drivingacar,orplayingping-pong.Whenweknowhowtocommunicate,wecanexchangeinformationwithothercountrieswhichhasbecomenecessaryforthedevelopmentofthecountry.Thetrainingofcommunicationistheneedofnewcenturyandtheexchangeofknowledgeandemotionsindifferentculturalbackgrounds.Thetrainingofcommunicationisalsoapartofself-living.Soitisveryimportantforustolearncommunicativecompetence.
Buthowcanwetrainstudents’communicativecompetence?Itisadifficultquestion.Nowlet’sdiscusssomepracticalwaysoftrainingstudents’communicativecompetence.
4.Suggestionsontrainingstudents’speaking
4.1Theteachingprinciple
Inthecommunicationteaching,therearethereprinciples:first,allactivitiesdesignedandorganizedbyteachersinclassroomteachingshouldrevolvearoundcommunication.Second,reappearthecommunicativeprocessasmuchaspossible.Thecommunicativeteachingshouldmakeadistinctionfromotherteachingmethodsinthatweshouldemphasizethecommunicativeprocessofusinglanguage.Third,don’trectifymistakesallthetime.Whenstudentsmakemistakesaboutphonationorgrammar,weadoptamoretolerantattitude.“Thecommunicativemethodemphasizesthedeliveringofmeaningbetweenpeople,thefreedomofchoosinglanguageandtherealizationofcommunicativepurpose.”[6]
（转载自http://zw.NSEAC.com科教作文网）
Althoughpeople’sunderstandingofcommunicativelanguageteachingvaries,RichardsandRodgers(1986:72)generallyagreedupon:
(1)“Communicationprinciple:Activitiesthatinvolverealcommunicationpromotelearning.”[7]
(2)“Taskprinciple:Activitiesinwhichlanguageisusedforcarryingoutmeaningfultaskspromotelearning.”[8]
(3)“Meaningfulnessprinciple:Languagethatismeaningfultothelearnersupportsthelearningprocess.”[9]
AccordingtothecommunicativeprincipleofEnglish,Englishteachingshouldadoptsomeusefulpracticetotrainstudents’communicativeability.共2页: 1 [2] 下一页 论文出处(作者):
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