环境民事公益诉讼若干问题探析

摘  要

环境公益诉讼是指所有为维护环境公共利益而提起的诉讼,即包括国家机关以国家名义提起的诉讼,也包括个人以自己名义提起的诉讼。由于环境公益诉讼在我国缺乏理论上的有力支持，环境公益诉讼在实践中面临尴尬。我国环境保护的现状、环境侵权行为的特殊性以及传统侵权行为救济方式的局限性决定了在我国设置环境公益诉讼制度的必要性。国外先进的制度理念、我国民主法制的完善和我国实践的突破决定了设置环境公益诉讼制度的可行性。在我国环境公益诉讼制度构建中，应设置“预防性公益诉讼”，完善诉前调解程序，还应规定环境公益诉讼不受时效限制，放宽原告的诉讼主体资格，并为保护弱势群体的诉权而设置环境保护公益基金会。

关键字：公益诉讼；环境民事公益诉讼；环境保护公益基金会；预防性公益

Abstract
Legal system for environment public interest is all for the preservation of the environment and public interest litigation filed, including state organs in the name of an action, and including the name of the individual to bring their own proceedings. Due to the lack of effective support about the environmental public interest litigation  in  theory,the practice of environment public interest litigation is facing embarrassment. The situation of preservating environment in China ,the particularity traditional tort relief for environmental violations and the limitations in our decision are to set up the need for the Legal system for environment public interest . The concepts of advanced system, the improvation of  democracy and legal system in China,and our breakthrough of the practice are decieded that the Legal system for environment public interest is feasible.According to the construction of the Legal system for environment public interest in China , we should set up a "preventive public interest litigation",and should perfect a mediation procedure before litigation. It should also provide environmental public interest litigation without limitation, the plaintiffs litigation relaxed eligibility. In order to protect the lights of vulnerable groups ,it should set up the Environmental Protection Foundation.