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两种译文都准确的表达了原文旨在区分“外孙女”和“孙女”的意图,而且变通的方式很相似。
宝玉忙笑道(对袭人):“……好姐姐,好亲姐姐,别说两三件,就是两三百件我也依的……”(第十九回)
Hawkes; He said impetuously, "I promise to obey yon. Dea-rest Aroma! Sweetest Aroma! Never mind two and three.”
杨宪益:“... I agree to them all, dear sister, good kind sister. I agree to three hundred conditions, let alone three.”
这里杨宪益夫妇采用了“异化”手法,忠实于源语,采用了直译的方法。而Hawkes在不违反西方习俗的前提下,尽量用英文出来,且保留了原作人物关系的亲切感。
2.数量词的翻译
数量词在不同程度上反映出一个民族的社.会状况、宗教信仰、风俗习惯、思维方式等诸多文化背景因素,。在文化和的互动背景关系下,数量词翻译的难点是在其体现的特殊变化内涵上。
三日两头儿来缠舅舅,要三升米二升豆儿,舅舅也没法儿呢。(第二十四回)
Hawkes; They’d be round here scrounging all the time: a pound of rice one day, q quart of beans the next. 'Then you would have something to grumble about!
杨宪益:" " " for then I keep pestering you for three pecks ofrice today, two pecks of beans tomorrow. What could you havedone then , uncle?
杨宪益夫妇采用的直译法非常到位,而Hawkes的数字替换则更显地道,完全译出了数字的虚实。
那宝玉是个丈八的灯台,照见人家,照不见自己的。(第十九回)
Hawkes:And as for Bao一yu; he’s like a six一foot lamp stand that lights up others but stays dark itself.
杨宪益:"""he's like a ten一foot lampstand that sheds light on others but none on itself.
原文都是“丈八”,但两个的译文却有所不同。此处是虚数词,译者大概是按照自己的理解和习惯翻译的。
3.宗教文化的翻译 (科教论文网 Lw.nsEAc.com编辑整理)
宗教是文化的一个重要组成部分。基督教文化是西方四大文化之一,在欧洲中世纪时期,是基督教把欧洲连接成一个整体。基督教文化统治整个欧洲两千年,形成了独特的。佛教是世界又一大宗教,佛教形成东方文化。在中国,儒、释、道三教长期统治着中国人的精神世界,潜在地影响着人们的思想并渗透到日常生活的方方面面。是来源于生活的,所以在《红楼梦》中有很多宗教方面的信息出现。
刘姥姥道:“阿弥陀佛,这全仗嫂子方便了……”(第六回)
Hawkes ;“Bless you, my dear, for being such a help. . .”
杨宪益:" Buddha be praised ! I ' m most grateful for yourhelp. . .”
(宝玉)便上来问她:“昨日夜里咳嗽课好些?”紫鹃道:“好些了。”宝玉笑道:“阿弥陀佛!宁可好些了罢。”紫鹃笑道:“你也念起佛来,真是!”(第五十一回)
Hawkes:“How was she last night? Is her cough any better?"
"Yes, a bit better,"said Nightingale.
" Thank the Lord for that”,said Bao一yu fen"ently. "If only she could shake it of altogether!”
Nightingale looked up at him with amusement, "It' s not often
we hear you calling for the Lord.”
杨宪益:"Was her rough any better last night?"he asked.
" A little”
"Amida Buddha! I do hope she soon gets well"
“Really, this is news to met Since when have you started in-yoking Buddha?"she teased.
从所引的译文可以看出杨宪益是比较忠实于原著的宗教文化,而Hawker则更多的站在译人语读者基督文化的立场上。笔者认为 Hawker的译本虽然可能更容易被读者理解,但失去了原著的文化特色,而杨宪益的译本能使西方读者更真实地感知中国文化。