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2.语法比较严密,重形合,连接词多;在主从复合句中,各分句主次分明,从句须用连接词引导;并列句中各并列的分句则用并列连词、分号或逗号连接起来;英语句中有句,句构复杂。而则重意合,其各成分的连接往往不靠一定的联接词,所谓语不接而意接,全凭句子含义的内在联系。在实践中,不妨根据英语的固有特点,在合适的地方补出汉语原文所无或未明白表达出的连接功能词,使译文既符合原意,又通顺可读。例如:
(5)放手发动群众,壮大人民力量,在我们党的领导下,打败侵略者,建设新中国。(《毛泽东选集第三卷)
To boldly arouse the masses and expand the peo—ple’S forces SO that,under the leadership ofour Party,they will defeat the aggresSOrS and build a newChina.
此句中,汉语句中无连接词,译成英语时,需根据意义加上 that和 and,原文的意义才会明白译文也就流畅可读。又如:
(6)不由分说,他先走 出了屋0
Before We could say anything ,he led the wayout.
(7)她越看越 爱,不顿饭 时,已看 了好几齿句了。但觉词句警人,余香满口。一面看了,只管出神,心内还默默记诵。(《红楼梦》)
Themor(~she read,themore she liked it,andbeore very long she had read several acts.She felt thepower of the words and their lingering fragrance.Longafter she had finished reading,when she had laid downthe book and was sitting there rapt and silent ,thelines continued to ring on in her head.f“TheTaleofStone”David Hawkes)
中文原文 中很少用连接 词,句子短小精悍。David Hawkes把此句译成英语时,加上了and beforevery long,and,long after,when等连接词,不仅生动地表达了原文的精神和内容,而且使上下文联系密切,行文 自然。
汉语中有大量的习语独立使用,若要用英语正确表达出其中的含义,就必须使用连接功能词。例如:
(8)种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆。
As you sow,so will you reap.
(9)一人得道,鸡犬升天。
W hen a man gets to the top,all his friends andrelatives get there with him .
(10)山不在高,有仙则灵。
Mountains,though not very high,are famouswhere immortals dwel1.
这种作法,在简炼的汉译英诗中也是需要注意的。以翁显良先生所译的唐诗《静夜思》为例:
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