威廉.荷加斯《美的分析》研究

摘   要

    荷加斯(W.Hogarth,1679-1764)是英国著名画家、风俗画的奠基人和杰出的艺术理论家，对美学理论的发展做出了极大贡献。《美的分析》是荷加斯的1部重要美学著作，同时也是欧洲美学史上第1部以形式为基础的论著。本文从以下4个方面对《美的分析》进行了研究。其1，阐释荷加斯提出的关于美的“6大原则”，即适宜、多样、统1、单纯、复杂、尺寸。其中适宜是最重要的形式美原则。所谓适宜，是指对象的局部与其总的意图相符合，也就是对象的形式美要符合目的。其2，论述“蛇形线是最美的线条”这个著名的命题。在荷加斯看来，波状线、蛇形线都可以称作美的线条，尤其是蛇形线，不但是美的线条，而且是富有魅力和吸引力的线条，因此是最美的线条。其3，对《美的分析》的特点进行揭示。其特点有2，1是从自然出发；2是用眼睛进行观察，借助于形式分析法。最后，对《美的分析》1书的不足进行了批判。其不足也有2，1是表述不够严谨；2是形式美分析法的不足。
    关键词：美的分析；原则；蛇形线；特点

ABSTRACT

    W.Hogarth (1697-1764), the English renowned painter, the genre painting founder and the outstanding artistic theoretician, has made the enormous contribution to the esthetics theory development. The Analysis of Beauty is an important esthetics work of Hogarth, meanwhile is the first work which takes the form as the foundation in the European esthetic history. This thesis analyzes The Analysis of Beauty from the following four aspects. first, clarifying Hogarths "six great principles", namely, suitability, diversity, unity, purity, complexity, size. Suitability is the most important form beauty principle, which refers to the conformity of the part of the object and the intention to the total; the form beauty of the object and the goal. second, explainig the famous proposition that the snake line embodies the  biggest charm. In Hogarth’s view, the undulation line, and the snake line are both called  beautiful lines, aspecially the snake line, it is beautiful, full of charm and attraction, third, revealing the characteristics of The Analysis of Beauty: one is from the nature, the other is the observation with the eyes, with the analytic method in form. Finally, criticizing the shortcomings of The Analysis of Beauty, which include two, one is not strict indication, the other is shortcoming of form beauty analytic method.