英语中对称结构正误析网
2017-01-10 01:15
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句子的对称结构，是英语文体中常见的句法结构修辞方式之一
句子的对称结构，是英语文体中常见的句法结构修辞方式之一。掌握运用这种修辞方式，提高运用语言的能力。
关联词不对称；语法结构
英语语言的对称结构是一种语言现象，也是一种文化现象，准确理解和把握这种结构形式对学生进一步提高英语语言能力具有重要的意义；英语句子的对称结构，是英语文体中常见的句法结构修辞方式之一。本文拟就英语中对称结构正误加以辨析以达到提高记忆和教学的效果，从而欣赏到英语对称结构的美。正确运用这种修辞方式，掌握句子结构的，可使句子结构紧凑、协调对称、文意贯通、逻辑性强；如对称结构运用不妥，则容易出现一些不匀衡、不对称的句子，以致文意欠贯通、逻辑性欠强。
1．-English has a large vocabulary, hasn’t it?
-Yes. _____ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.
A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known
解析：因为第二个and后面是一个句子，所以前面也必定是一个句子，但前面这个句子没有主语，只能选用动词原形，构成一个祈使句，因此，正确答案是A。
2．On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, _______ some bananas and visited her cousin.
A. bought B. buying C. to buy D. buy
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解析：因为and后面是过去式visited，前面也必定是动词的过去式，所以正确答案是A。
英语中对称结构正误析：
1.关联词不对称
并列连词(and, but, as well as, or…)及复合并列连词(not only…but also…, neither… nor…, either…or…, both… and… ..)连接的应是两个结构相等的成分----两个对等的名词、谓语形式或非谓语形式。
1．误：I like her not because she is beautiful but that she is kind.
正：I like her not because she is beautiful but because she is kind.
2．误：One of the articles is interesting, informative and it is easy to read.
正：One of the articles is interesting, informative and easy to read.
3．误：Bob has sat at the table for a couple of hours and drank considerably more wine than is good for his health.
正：Bob has sat at the table for a couple of hours and drunk considerably more wine than is good for his health.
4．误：The high school graduate, if he is eighteen or nineteen, has these alternatives: attending college, finding a job, or the army.
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正：The high school graduate, if he is eighteen or nineteen, has these alternatives: attending college, finding a job, or joining/entering the army.
5．误：Sitting up late last night, Tom not only read the assignment but also many poems by one of his favorite poets.
正：Sitting up late last night , Tom read not only the assignment but also many poems by one of his favorite poets.
6．误：Water both flows over and through porous soil.
正：Water flows both over and through porous soil.
7．误：I was advised to either telephone or to write to the hotel.
正：I was advised either to telephone or to write to the hotel.
8．误：We wondered whether to believe him or should we try to verify his story.
正：We wondered whether to believe him or to try to verify his story.
2.语法结构不对称
有些句子带有一系列修饰性的词或短语，如果这些词或短语在句子中起相同的语法作用，那么他们就应该属于相同的词性，如形容词、动词或副词，或属于相同的语法结构。而有些句子中相应的语法结构不对称，主要是混用了不定式(to do)与动名词(doing)。
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1．误：He was young, strong, and feeling happy.（表语结构不对称）
正：He was young, strong, happy.
2．误：He sings, dances, and playing the guitar.（谓语结构不对称）
正：He sings, dances, and plays the guitar.
3．误：You can go to Beijing by land, taking a plane or a ship.
正：You can go to Beijing by land, by air or by sea.
4．误：He likes to swim, to jog, and playing tennis.（宾语结构不对称）
正：He likes to swim, to jog, and to play tennis. / He likes swimming, jogging, and playing tennis.
5．误：To speak to a friend is easier than speaking to a strange.（主语结构不对称）
正：To speak to a friend is easier than to speak to a strange./ Speaking to a friend is easier than speaking to a strange.
3.与“比较”相关的不对称
有些句子中的对称结构错误是由于比较句型不完整，或比较的事物不一致，或由于未能正确使用双重比较而引起的。
（科教论文网 Lw.nsEAc.com编辑整理） 1．误：The living standard in Hong Kong is higher than Chinese mainland.
正：The living standard in Hong Kong is higher than that in Chinese mainland.
2．误；The paintings of Van Gogh are perhaps better known than Cezanne.
正The paintings of Van Gogh are perhaps better known than those of Cezanne.
3．误：The Yangtze is longer than any river in China.
正：The Yangtze is longer than any other river in China./ The Yangtze is longer than any of the other rivers in China.
4．误：My handwriting is much better than anyone else in our class.
正：My handwriting is much better than anyone else’s in our class.
