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【摘要】 中国是一个历史悠久、文化丰赡的国家,自古以来为各种宗教的传播与发展提供了肥沃和宽阔的土壤。在这片土地上孕育着儒、道等本土自生的宗教,她还以包容的姿态吸纳了佛教、伊斯兰教、基督教等外传宗教。各宗教在中国发展发展繁盛,庙宇、寺观林立。一部分保留至今,成为宝贵的历史遗产。论文将这些宗教中供奉与祭祀神灵、修行悟道的场所,弘法传道、祛宰祈福的“人神交流”空间等称之为:神邸。宗教神邸作为中国古代城市肌理的重要组成部分。在城市中不仅承担着宗教教化功能,还是古代社会重要的公共活动场所,承担着重要的游憩、商贸、文教等功能。这些功能一直延续到今天,具有十分重要的现实意义。论文以探讨古代宗教神邸文化及其在城市中空间分布的一般模式为目的,采用文献归纳、综合比较、横向、纵向系统分析、实例论证等研究方法。从宗教神邸文化的组成,宗教神邸与城市的关系及影响古代城市中宗教神邸分布的因素等方面进行分析。主要结论如下:首先,宗教神邸文化的组成包括:儒教庙宇、祭坛、佛教寺院、道教宫观、伊斯兰清真寺、基督教教堂等。其次,以中国古代城市建设形制为基础,结合中国古代宗教信仰的特点,分析影响宗教神邸分布的主要因素有:礼制制度、风水思想、人的喜好以及宗教自身的要求等;论文以中国历史文化名城西安、韩城为例,对这两座城市中宗教神邸遗存现状进行调查,追溯其历史沿革及历史分布特征。归纳出中国古代城市宗教神邸的一般分布模式为:均衡性分布与逸散型分布结合;主次分明,位势悬殊;寺院与道观、城隍庙与府治、县治往往对称建立;规划性与统一性并存;宗教区与居民区结合。我国丰富的宗教神邸遗存,对现代城市而言,是宝贵的历史文化资源,是城市文脉的延续,是新时期旅游业的重要组成部分。在这个时代背景下,论文提出对城市宗教神邸的保护与利用,并开展宗教旅游多元化的思路。
【Abstract】 China is the country which has long history and rich culture. Since ancient times, it would spread for a variety of religions and the development of a fertile soil and wide. On this land ,it breeds of Confucianism, Taoism and other local Indigenous religion, and also absorbed the inclusive posture of Buddhism, Islam, Christianity and other religions other religious rumors from abroad. The development of various religions in China is prosperous, as we can see ,the temple and the monastery stands in great numbersin China. Part of a reservation has become a valuable historical heritage. The paper consecrates these religions space which have the function of sacrificial offering God, leading spiritual enlightenment, preaching, dispels the disaster to pray "the person god exchange" known as the space:religious sites.Religious sites is an important component in ancient Chinese cities. It has not only the function of religious education, but also has the ruction for the ancient community of public activities, for recreational, commercial, cultural and educational. These functions have also been extended, and has great practical significance today.The purpose of this Paper is to exploring the general pattern of the religious sites of ancient culture and its spatial distribution. We use several methods such as literature into a comprehensive comparison method, the horizontal method, vertical analysis research methods, and examples of verification method ,etc. We analyzed from the culture of places of worship, relationship between places of worship and the cities , and the factors which impact of religious sites of ancient cities 's distribution. The main conclusions are as follows:First of all, the culture of places of worship include: Confucian temples, altars, Buddhist monasteries, Taoist temples, Islamic mosques, Christian churches and so on.Secondly, by using the ancient Chinese form as the basis of urban construction, combining with the characteristics of religious beliefs in ancient China, analyzing the impact of the distribution of religious sites, we find the conclusions that :the main factors are, the system of rites, "feng shui" ideas, people's preferences and religious requirements of thier own. This Paper takes Chinese famous historic and cultural cities:Xi'an and Hancheng as examples. By investigating situations of these two religious sites, tracing their history and the distribution. ,wu, can see that, Ancient Chinese cities into places of worship for the general distribution pattern: Equilibrium distribution Combined with Oven-type distribution, priorities is clear, the Potential gaps, and Taoist temples, Temple and the House rule, the establishment of county government often Symmetry to establish; planning and uniformity co-exist; religious areas and residential areas mixed.China's rich legacy of religious sites, is a valuable historical and cultural resources for modern cities,is the continuation of the urban context, also is an important component of the tourism industry. In the context of this background, this paper presents the protection and use of city's religious sites, and carry out a wide range of ideas of religious tourism.
【关键词】 宗教神邸文化; 信仰特征; 分布模式; 保护与利用
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