从《瓦尔登湖》看梭罗的自然观

An Analysis of Thoreau’s Views on Nature in Walden

Abstract

Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) was a famous American transcendentalist, philosopher and writer in the 19th century. Among his bulk of writings, Walden is regarded as the most-reader non-novel writing in the 19th century. This article interprets Thoreau’s natural view through analyzing Walden. It consists of three parts. This paper first introduces transcendentalism and its influence on Thoreau. And the next part analyzes the characteristics of Thoreaus natural view in Walden. In Thoreau’s opinion, the nature is beautiful; the beauty of the world lies in nature. The nature has lives, the beauty of nature origins from lives. All lives in nature are equal; the relation between human and nature should be a harmonious relationship. The third part analyzes Thoreaus natural view around the world from two aspects, which produces immense influences on younger generations.

Key Words: Thoreau; Walden; transcendentalism; harmonious; naturalist

摘  要

梭罗是美国19世纪著名的超验主义思想家，自然哲学家和文学家。他作品甚丰，其代表作《瓦尔登湖》被誉为19世纪文学中读者最多的非小说著作。本文即是通过分析《瓦尔登湖》来解读梭罗的自然观.分为3个部分，第1部分阐述了超验主义及其对梭罗产生的影响。第2部分分析梭罗的自然观在《瓦尔登湖》中的具体体现.梭罗认为：自然是美的，世界之美在于自然;自然是生命的，自然之美本于生命；自然界的生命是平等的，人与自然的关系应该是和谐的。最后1部分则从两个方面分析了梭罗的自然伦理意识对后世产生的巨大影响。

关键词：梭罗、《瓦尔登湖》、超验主义、和谐的、自然家

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