论《一九八四年》对乌托邦的解构

On Deconstruction of Utopia in Nineteen Eighty-four

Abstract

George Orwell was a great English writer in 20th century. His most famous novel 1984 was an attack on totalitarianism and a warning that absolute power in the hands of any government can deprive a people of all basic freedom. His reputation and influence has made the study of the figure and his writings as a hot topic in the past 50 years, which has expanded into many other fields of the humanities.
Based on the importance and effects of the novel, the thesis aims to analyze the deconstruction of Utopia literature in 1984 from new angles. The thesis is composed of five parts. After addressing a brief introduction to George Orwell and his works, the part of introduction reviews the comments upon the writer as well as his works home and abroad. The body analyzes the differences between the Utopia literature and Dystopia literature, and reaches its conclusion that the novel deconstructs the literary genre of Utopia in the narrative structure and theme. At last it concludes that 1984 is a termination of the traditional Utopia novel.

Key Words: Utopia; Dystopia; Nineteen Eighty-four; deconstruction.
 
摘  要

20世纪世界文学中1个引人注目的现象就是乌托邦文学的衰退和反乌托邦文学的兴盛。乔治•奥威尔的《1984年》是敌托邦文学的经典之作，是1部结束西方传统乌托邦小说的反乌托邦小说。
本旨在以新的角度来讨论《1984年》从诸多方面来解构、颠覆传统乌托邦文学。本文共分为5部分：引言部分介绍奥威尔生平、主要作品及其政治观点，提出写作目的；第1部分讨论乌托邦文学和反乌托邦文学的传统和主要特征；第2部分从时间、空间和语言等方面入手，论述了《1984年》在叙述结构上对乌托邦文学的解构；第3部分则从人文主义的衰落和极权主义的兴盛方面进1步对论点加以分析论证；最后得出结论，即《1984年》否定了乌托邦小说的传统模式，终结了传统的乌托邦小说。

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