论翻译的功能对等和形式对等

On Functional Equivalence and Structural Equivalence in Translation

Abstract
    
Christiane Nords functionalism，Peter Newmarks opinions about equivalent effect in translation and Guo Zhuzhang’s eight translation methods  which can be used to produce functional equivalence are introduced in this thesis, and the author discusses the relationship between functional equivalence and structural equivalence. The origin and history of functionalism are also introduced, and structural equivalence (grammatical equivalence, stylistic structure equivalence and culture structure equivalence) is discussed systematically in this thesis. The author points out that functional equivalence is the "standard" of translation. A lot of examples are given to prove the conclusion—sometimes the structural equivalence can be made to perfect the functional equivalence, especially in poetry , rhetoric and some special contexts. The author of this thesis wants to prove that translators must take both content and structure into consideration. Grammatical equivalence, stylistic structure equivalence and cultural structure equivalence should be kept if necessary.

Key Words: functional equivalence; structural equivalence; functionalism; equivalent effect

摘 要

本文总结了国内外功能翻译对等理论的研究成果，其中包括克里斯汀娜•诺得（Christiane Nord）为代表的现代的功能翻译理论、皮特•纽马克（Peter Newmark）的翻译的对等影响（equivalent effect in translation）观点以及郭著章关于保持翻译功能对等的8种翻译方法。并对翻译的形式对等进行分类：语法对等、文体对等和文化结构对等。文中讨论了翻译中功能对等和形式对等两者之间的关系。作者认为，功能对等是翻译的“标准”，任何翻译都要尽可能达到功能对等。本文通过对功能主义的起源、发展和代表人物的理论的归纳总结、对形式对等的系统化讨论、以及对大量典型翻译句段的分析，得出结论---在很多情况下，1定范围内的形式对等能使翻译的功能对等更加完善。适当追求形式对等并不会对翻译的功能对等的实现造成障碍，反而对其有所助益。功能对等的实现，是形式对等和意义对等的完美结合体。在翻译时，不仅要考虑到意义的对等，在语法、文体和文化结构上，也应作周全的考虑。

关键词：功能对等、形式对等、功能翻译理论、对等影响

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