英汉隐喻的跨文化对比及翻译

Cross-cultural Comparison and Translation
in English and Chinese Metaphors
Abstract

The concept of metaphor plays an important role in the process of human’s understanding and reforming the world. Its birth and development has close relationship with culture. The similarity of metaphor in different languages is based on human’s common function of physiology, psychology and living environment. And the cultural diversities existed in the particular religion, custom, history, and geography turn out to be the main causes of the different usage of metaphors in English and Chinese languages. Because of the existence of cultural overlaps and distances among English and Chinese metaphors, the translation of them should be equivalent in conveying both message and culture. This thesis begins with a brief introduction and explanation of English metaphor, followed by comparative study of English and Chinese metaphors in terms of cultural overlaps and cultural distances. Then, some commonly used translation techniques are exemplified. In other words, this thesis addresses the use and translation of metaphor as a way of culture expressing in English and Chinese languages. It is the author’s hope that such an approach may help to penetrate deeply into mentality and customs of the two cultures. In a word, the comparison and translation of metaphors in different cultures enable people to identify with the wisdom of others, to share emotions with them along with other profound human experiences, and to communicate with others of different cultures.

Key Words:  metaphor;  culture;  comparison;  cultural overlaps; 
cultural distances;  translation

摘 要

隐喻在人类认识和改造世界中起着重要的作用。它的出现和发展与文化有着密切的联系。不同语言中隐喻的共性是建立在人类普遍的生理、心理、生存环境上的；而宗教、习俗、历史及地理等文化差异的不同是隐喻使用不同的主要原因。由于在英汉隐喻中文化存在着共性和差异，因此，在翻译过程中既要传递对等信息，又要传达不同文化。本文简单介绍了隐喻的概念及英汉文化的特点，从文化的共性和差异出发，进行了英汉隐喻的跨文化对比，并归纳出几种常见的翻译方法。换言之，这篇主要是介绍隐喻作为文化的1种表达方式在英汉语中的使用和翻译。笔者希望这样1个途径能深入了解两种文化的精神及风俗。总之，对不同文化中的隐喻进行对比和翻译能使人们了解其他人的智慧，交流彼此感情并促进彼此间的沟通。

关键词：隐喻、文化、对比、文化共性、文化差异、翻译

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