稻作起源的考古学探索(1)(6)

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An Archaeological Exploration of the Origin of Paddy Agriculture

 Abstract: On the basis of the analysis of archaeological theory and unearthed data, this article argues that the domestication of rice was started in the environment with fertile resources. The dynamic of rice domestication might have been brewing rather than feeding. Paddy agriculture might have been caused by social complexity in the Liangzhu period when chiefdoms forced people to produce more surpluses. After the collapse of the Liangzhu chiefdoms, the Maqiao Culture retreated to hunter-gathering subsistence pattem. The irreversible trend that paddy agriculture became human dominant subsistence pattem might have been the result caused by the decrease of natural resources and the increase of population and social complexity. The article appeals that the study of the origin of agriculture in China should free itself from searching for the earliest cultivated rice and shift to under- stand its mechanism and process in terms of man-and-land relationship.

Key words: origin of paddy agriculture; lower reaches of Yangtze River; prehistoric archaeology; theoretic explanation

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