中学英语写作中的元认知策略(1)(5)
2015-11-21 01:03
导读：Learning strategies are complex procedures that individuals apply to tasks, consequently, they maybe represented as procedural knowledge, which may be acquired through cognitive, associated and autono
Learning strategies are complex procedures that individuals apply to tasks, consequently, they maybe represented as procedural knowledge, which may be acquired through cognitive, associated and autonomous stages of learning.
3.3 Meta-cognitive strategies in the process of writing
3.3.1 Defining meta-cognitive strategies
It’s not easy to define meta-cognitive strategy. Many researchers have defined these term “language-learning strategies”.
Zhou juan said that Cohen describes meta-cognitive strategies as dealing with pre-assessment and pre-planning, on-line planning and evaluation, and post-evaluation of language learning activities and of language use events. Such strategies allow learners to control their own cognition by coordinating the planning, organizing and evaluating of the learning.
She also said that O’ Malley, Chamot posit that meta-cognitive strategies involve thinking about learning process, planning for learning, monitoring of comprehension of production while it’s taking place, and self-evaluation of learning after the language activity is completed.
In a word, a meta-cognitive strategy is like a tactic used by a commander.
3.3.2 Meta-cognitive strategies consist of three basic elements
During the execution of a task, it’s responsible to use meta-cognitive strategies. “Such strategies include an awareness of what one is doing and the strategies one is employing, as well as knowledge about the actual process of learning. They also include an ability to manage and regulate consciously the use of appropriate learning strategies for different situations. They involve an awareness of one’s own mental processes and an ability to reflect on how one learns, in other words, knowing about one knows. This different level is called meta-cognition, a term first introduced by John Flavell. (1970, 1976, 1981)” [5]P148.
The whole composition shows students’ meta-cognitive level comprehensively. A context is a semantic body organized logically in some interrelated sentences and paragraphs by certain jointing means. It requires students to consider all writing elements entirely. The most important step should be the macro-arrangement. The unity, coherence and transition are important for a whole context.
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(ⅰ) Planning strategy:
Planning strategy involves the selection of appropriate strategies and allocation of resources that affect performance. Doing learning plan is a key step of learning process. No matter the aim is finishing class-work or dealing with exams, students should form a “general strategy” in every course. Successful students not just listen to the teacher, take notes and wait for the assignments, but also estimate the time that they would lest need to finish their work and gain all kinds of messages before finishing their work. They can do any preparation positively in advance but not wait for teachers’ requirements negatively.
Planning strategy helps students to make writing plan and specific aims, make sure the theme of the whole composition and make an outline. Then monitoring strategy reminds students to express their minds orderly, arrange sentences and paragraphs naturally and coherently
