图式理论和大学英语阅读教学(1)(2)
2016-07-09 01:08
导读：Afterreadingtheshortstory,manypeoplemusthavethesamecomprehension:TheshortstoryhappensinahotdayandMarymaybealittlegirl.Sheheardsomebodysellingicecream,becauseshewantedtoeat,sheranbackhometofetchmoneyin
Afterreadingtheshortstory,manypeoplemusthavethesamecomprehension:TheshortstoryhappensinahotdayandMarymaybealittlegirl.Sheheardsomebodysellingicecream,becauseshewantedtoeat,sheranbackhometofetchmoneyinordertobuyicecream.Infact,theshortarticlemaynotexpressthismeaning,butthepeopleactivatetheschemawhichisconnectedwiththestoryintheirmindandaccordingtotheschematogetthemeaningofthearticle.Ifthenextsentenceis“…andlockedthedoor”,themeaningisdifferent.Itshowsthatanotherschemashouldbeactivatedtokeepaharmonyrelationshipinthecomprehensionofthestory.Thenewschemamaybe:“Maryisafraidthatherbirthdaymoneywasstolenbytheicecreamman.”
Intheprocessofreading,theinformationisinputcontinuouslyandexchangedwiththeknowndefinitionofthereaderstillthereaderfinishesthereading.
1.4SchemaTheoryandReadingComprehension
“Schematheoryhasitthatanylanguagemayhaveitsmeaningjustwhenitisorganizedandrespondedbyitsreaderorlistenerwithhisschema,aseitheroralorwrittenlanguagecontainsnomeaningitself.”[7]
“Readingisacomplexprocessofpsycholinguisticguessinggame.”[8]Onereadingtheorysaysthatthebackgroundofthereaderinresponsetotextualinputisconstructivism.Itsproponentsarguethatknowledge,reader’sskill,cognitivedevelopment,cultureandpurposearethefiveimportantaspectsaboutareaderandhisorhercomprehensionlevel.Basedonthatofcognitiveschema,thistheorypurportswhenanindividualispresentedwithinformation,aschemaorknowledgestructureisactivatedtointerprettheinformation.Theseculturalassumptionsonwhichreadersmaymakearebasedontheirschemata.Whenindividualsweregivenatexttoreadandthenaskedtorecallit,participantsshowedanincreaseddistortedrecall,makingitconformtofamiliarstoryschemata.
Themainstandpointofreadingschematheoryiswhenthepeoplewanttoknownewthingstheymustputnewthings,theknowndefinitionandtheexperiencetogether.Thecomprehensionandexplanationofthenewthingsrelyontheschematathathavebeenexistedinthepeople’smind.Forexample,whenweseeacube,wecan’tseeitssixsidesatthesametime,butweallknowthecubehassixsides;itistheschemathatdevelopsitseffect.Infact,theschematheoryisatheorymodelthatthesystemresearchestheeffectofthelong-termmemoryinreadingcomprehension.
（科教论文网 lw.nseaC.Com编辑发布） 2.TheSignificanceofSchemaTheoryAppliedintheCollegeEnglishReadingTeaching
TheprocessofapplyingtheschematheorytotheCollegeEnglishreadingteachingisaprocessoftwomodelsandbackgroundknowledge,whichaffecteachother.TheschematheoryhasanimportantsignificancetotheCollegeEnglishreadingteaching.
2.1FormalSchemaandReadingMaterials
Formalschemaisthebackgroundknowledge,whichthereaderhashadtodistinguishthedifferentstyles,pagesandstructures.Itisimportantforthepeopletoarrangethereadingmaterials.
Asweknow,thebackgroundknowledgeofthearticleisveryimportanttothecomprehension.Therefore,toarrangethereadingmaterials,wemusttopayattentiontothechoiceofthematerialsthathavedifferentstyles,pagesandstructures.Butwemusttaketheschematheoryastheguideintheprocessofarrangingreadingmaterials.Accordingtotheschematheory,thebackgroundknowledgeismadeupofmanyschemaunits.Butthecontentandstyleofonearticleshouldbeallocatedinaschemaunit.Thatistosaymoretopicsarenotrequiredtobediscussedinanarticleoritwillmakethestudentspaytheirattentiontothelanguageknowledgeandtheskillofsolvingaproblem.Itisn’tgoodforthestudentstomakecomprehensionandenlargetheirbackgroundknowledge.
