背诵法与交际的结合在口语中的运用(1)(4)
2016-08-09 01:12
导读：3.2 Theoretical foundation of constant reading Why should ask students to read several times first? It is common rule that reading aloud is the basis of remembering. What makes different is how many t
3.2 Theoretical foundation of constant reading
Why should ask students to read several times first? It is common rule that reading aloud is the basis of remembering. What makes different is how many times are required by different persons. Reading helps develop an instinctive feel of the English.
Behaviorism believes learning is the cooperation between stimulus and response or reinforcement and transformation of behavioral habit. Thorndike put forward "law of practice" and "law of effect" to directly explain human's behavior. He thought repetition and its favorable results would unceasingly stimulate and reinforce behavior until the forming of stimulus----response result.[4]
Wittrock said the brain is not a passive consumer of information. The stored memories and information-processing strategies of our cognitive system interact with the sensory information received from the environment, selectively attend to this information, relate it to memory and actively construct meaning for it.[5] That is why when reading over and over again, readers can understand it a little more every time, provided a little thinking is invovled. It can be called "comprehensively reciting". According to Chomsky, language is an intricate rule-based system and a large part of language acquisition is the learning of this system.[6] Cognitive theory suggests that people have potential linguistic competence to disintegrate complicated grammatical rules. While reading, human brains begin to think out the constitution and sentence patterns. Therefore, if the chosen sentences are of the same structure or grammar, it is easy to perceive the similarity thus to keep it in mind.
We know how the brain works in the process of receiving information, based on the assumptions of cognitive theory that the memory system is an organized processor where the processed information are stored in long-term memory.[7] Through this, the information is transferred into knowledge. Constructivism also raises that learning is a process in which learners actively compose the meanings of knowledge. It contains the composition of new information and restructure of previous experience as well.[8] p234 So when speakers use the knowledge to create new sentences, they already developed the ability of speaking. It can be called "creatively reciting". How does the creation happen? In the light of form-practice theory: transfer is the result of psychological factors (including attention, memory, mind and imagination, etc) being trained thus improved. When students read materials countless times, all those factors work together to practice your creative sentence making.
中国大学排名 3.3 Choosing materials
Saying "read and recite" doesn't apply in all the articals you have met, but in some materials specifically designed for reciting. There are many examples of this kind. For instance, Li Yang's Crazy English advocates regarding sentence as a unit of speech. Liu Yi's "One Breath English" requires memorizing nine sentences in one minute. The following nine sentences of the same meaning are listed in his book.
