论民事诉讼中的第三人制度

摘   要

第3人是与原、被告争议的诉讼标的有牵连的第3方主体，是经济主体多元化和经济纠纷复杂化在诉讼制度中的反映。各国民事诉讼立法普遍存在第3人参加诉讼的制度，但规定不尽相同。美国民事诉讼立法采用权利参加和任意参加制度，而对于被引入的、类似于我国承担责任的无独立请求权第3人的第3方被告，直接规定其为第3当事人被告；传统的大陆法系国家如法国、德国的民事诉讼立法采用独立参加和辅助参加制度；我国民事诉讼法根据第3人对原、被告争议的诉讼标的是否享有独立的请求权，将其划分为有独立请求权的第3人和无独立请求权的第3人。本文比较了美、法、德民事诉讼第3人制度与我国的差异，指出我国民事诉讼第3人制度存在的问题，并主要就无独立请求权进行分析，提出自己的认识和建议。

关键词：民事诉讼第3人；有独立请求权第3人；无独立请求权第3人

Abstract

The third-party is a litigant who involves subjects disputed between plaintiff and defendant,reflecting diversity of economic parts and complexity of economic disputes in judicial proceedings Statues on civil litigation in every nation usually include third-party intervention system, but there are differences among them. American statutes adopt intervention of right and free intervention; impleader, such as obligatory third-party without independent claims in our nation, viewed as third-party indirectly. In traditional civil law systems, such as French, German and Japan, Statutes on civil procedure adopt independent intervention and supplementary intervention systems. We divide the third parties into with or without independent claims, based on a criteria whether that party presented independent claims against subjects disputed between the plaintiff and the defendant. By comparing individually civil third-party systems in U.S .,French and German with ours, pointing out the differences, from two part of that with independent claims and without independent claims, I analyze the problem and proposes my own recognitions and advices.

Key words: Third-party of civil litigation; independent claims; Without independent Claims