农村金融结构与农村经济发展研究

农村金融结构与农村经济发展研究

摘要：农村经济的发展是我国国民经济稳定的基础。要保证农村经济的快速稳定发展，必须有1个规范健全的农村金融结构来提供资金的支持和保障。在我国现行的农村金融结构中合作金融发挥主体作用，政策性金融与商业性金融发挥重要作用，组织机构结构看似完备、覆盖率高，然而从现实情况来看：农村正式金融机构的供给远远不能满足农村经济发展的金融需求，主要表现为农户和乡镇企业融资困难。农村经济主体资金严重匮乏，在很大程度上已成为制约农村经济发展的瓶颈。究其原因，农村金融体制存在缺陷：农村金融2元结构、农村经济主体的弱势地位、金融契约的不完备以及信息的不对称，使得涉农金融业务交易成本高，导致商业性金融机构追逐利益而放弃农村金融市场；政策性金融机构的金融服务供给比较单1，服务覆盖面低；合作金融支农力不从心；乡村负债和邮政储蓄的单项筹资恶化了农村的金融生态环境。构件1个完善的农村金融结构将有助于增加农村金融服务的可获得性，充分发挥农村金融对农村经济的促进作用。
关键词：农村金融结构；金融抑制；农村经济发展；农村合作金融；农业商业金融；政策性金融

Study on the rural finance and rural economy development
 
Abstract：The development of the rural economy provides a solid foundation for the stable development of our national economy .In order to guarantee the rapid and steady development of rural economy, a standard and sound financial system is required to provide funds. Now china has formed a rural financial system with the cooperative finance as the mainstay, the policy finance and the commercial finance playing an important role. Although rural financial market appears perfect and has a high coverage rate, in fact the supply of formal finance can hardly satisfy the financial demand that the rural economy development produces. The main representation is that the peasant households and the township enterprise can’t finance smoothly. The market players in rural areas are seriously short of funds, and this has become the bottleneck of the rural economy development. Trace it to its cause, the rural financial system has defects: duality rural financial structure, the weakness of rural economy agent, incomplete finance contract and information asymmetry make the transaction cost of financial activity very high, and result in the commercial finance institutions to withdraw from the rural financial market in the course of pursuing to withdraw from the rural financial market in the course of pursuing profit; The service of the policy finance institution is relatively simple, and the coverage rate is low too; the rural credit cooperatives are reluctant to serve for rural market; the rural debts and the one-side funds-raising of postal saving have worsened the ecological environment of the rural finance. Setting up a perfect rural financial system will contribute to increase financial services in rural market, and give fell scope to the important role of the rural financial system in stimulating rural economic growth.

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