中英非语言交际的文化差异及对比

On the Cultural Differences and Comparison of Nonverbal Communication in Chinese and English

Abstract

Human communication has two forms: verbal communication and nonverbal communication. Nonverbal communication includes all of the communicative acts beyond verbal communication. According to Birdwhistell, there is only about 30 percent information transmitted by verbal behaviors in the whole communication for the people of the same culture. Some American studies even show us that there is only 7 percent information transmitted by verbal language while 93 percent is transmitted by nonverbal language when people express their feelings and attitudes. From that, we can see what an important role nonverbal communication plays in communication. This thesis summarizes first the definition, domains and functions of nonverbal communication. It continues to discuss the cultural differences, focusing on nonverbal behaviors. Cultural misunderstandings and conflicts occur frequently in intercultural communication, so the thesis tries to compare Chinese nonverbal behaviors to English nonverbal behaviors from the following four aspects: body language, paralanguage, object language and environmental language. Finally, this thesis analyses the significance of intercultural nonverbal communication study. This thesis aims to improve the cultural awareness of Chinese people in the aspect of nonverbal communication when they are communicating with people from English-speaking countries.

Key Words: nonverbal communication; intercultural nonverbal communication;
cultural differences; comparative study
 
摘  要

人类交际有两种方式:语言交际和非语言交际。非语言交际包括语言交际以外的所有交际行为。伯德惠斯特尔曾经估计：对于在同1文化的人们来说，在整个交际中仅仅只有30%的信息是通过非语言行为传递的。美国的1些研究表明，在表达感情和态度是，只有7%的信息是通过语言传递的，而93%的信息是通过非语言传递的。由此可见，非语言交际在整个交际中起着多么重要的作用。本首先归纳并阐述了非语言交际的含义、功能、范围以及语言交际和非语言交际之间的关系。其次，论述文化差异使得非语言行为有了不同的含义和理解，从而使跨文化非语言交际更加复杂多变。在中国和英语国家的交往中，文化误解和文化冲突频频发生，本文从身势语、副语言、客体语、环境语4个方面对中英非语言行为进行了比较。最后，本文提出了研究对比中英非语言交际的文化差异的重要意义并提出1些提高非语言交际能力的方法。本文的最终目标是提高文化意识，使人们更好地认识中英非语言交际的文化差异，从而帮助人们克服跨文化交际中的文化障碍，更好地与来自英语国家文化背景的人进行交流和合作。

关键词：非语言交际、跨文化非语言交际、文化差异、比较研究

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