认知语言学视角下“within”的空间隐喻意义

The Spatial Metaphorical Meaning of the Preposition “Within” in the View of Cognitive Perspective

Abstract

Metaphor was traditionally viewed as a set of extraordinary figurative expressions. In 1970’s many scholars found the cognitive nature of metaphors. On the view of cognitive approach, metaphor is essentially regarded as a mapping from the source domain to the target domain. Since space experience is one of the most common one in human life, people are likely to give a non-spatial concept through a spatial orientation. Spatial metaphors are image-schematic and they can be reasoned and analyzed with the parameters trajector, landmark and path. This thesis intends to analyze spatial metaphorical meaning of the preposition “within”, and its cognitive processes from the perspective of cognitive linguistics. Based on Langacker’s image schema, the word “within” will be analyzed from three angles: spatial concept of “within” and its image schema analysis; the meaning of “within” mapping onto temporal domain; the meaning of “within” mapping onto target domain. By doing so it would be beneficial to the contemporary English learning and teaching.

Key Words: spatial metaphor；mapping; source domain; temporal domain; target domain; image schema

摘  要

传统意义上隐喻被看作是1种语言现象和修辞手段。210世纪710年代以来,许多学者开始认识到隐喻从本质上讲属于认知范畴。从认知角度来看,所谓隐喻就是1种从原始域到目标域的映射。对于空间的感觉和体验是人类生活普遍而重要的1部分,因此,人们会用空间概念来表达和建构非空间的抽象概念。当人们把1些空间关系投射到非空间概念上时就形成了空间隐喻。空间隐喻被看作是1种意象图式隐喻，动体（trajector）、陆标（landmark）、和路径（path）是分析和解释空间隐喻的有用参数。介词“within”的初始意义是:“在某段距离之内,不超过某段距离”所表示的是空间位置和空间关系。在此基础上，本文从认知语言学的角度出发，利用Langacker的意象图式的分析法对英语介词“within”的空间隐喻意义、介词“within”从空间位置映射到时间域、介词“within”从空间位置映射到程度域这3个方面做了分析和探讨, 使得人们对于“within” 如何从其空间概念域拓展到时间概念域再到程度概念域的认知过程有了略为详细而全面的了解。研究语言中的隐喻现象给研究语言中的多义扩展提供了1个新的途径, 能帮助解决习得语言过程中多义词的歧义问题及同义词的区分问题, 给语言教学带来积极的作用。

关键词：空间隐喻、映射、始发域、时间域、目标域、意象图式 （科教作文网http://zw.ΝsΕAc.Com编辑整理）
 
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