论陀思妥耶夫斯基的宗教意识

摘   要

陀思妥耶夫斯基是1位享有世界声誉的伟大作家。在他的作品里，不仅有对当时黑暗腐朽社会现实的深刻揭示，对封建专制的猛烈批判，对下层人民的深刻同情，也有着对人的全部复杂性的剖析。他从未停止过对上帝存在与否及其正义性的追问，但又以理想主义的姿态传播上帝的福音，以个人名义扛起整个人类的痛苦，拯救世道人心。陀思妥耶夫斯基所创造的人物和事件，以及其中包含的哲理是多维的、超越时空的。正如世界有多复杂、人有多复杂，他的作品也就有多复杂1样，他在作品中提出了许多永恒的、至今犹激动人心的问题。要想探索这些问题的秘密，1把最好的钥匙就是陀思妥耶夫斯基的宗教意识。这篇论文将从陀思妥耶夫斯基宗教意识的来源、特点、宗教的回归以及宗教对其文学创作的影响4个方面来阐述，以此使读者进1步了解陀思妥耶夫斯基创作中的“俄罗斯灵魂”。
关键词：陀思妥耶夫斯基；俄罗斯东正教；宗教意识

ABSTRACT

     Dostoyevsky is a great writer who wins worldwide reputation. In his works, there are not only profound revelation of the dark, rotten social reality at that time, the fierce criticism towards federal monarchy, deep sympathy towards low-class people, but also analysis about the complete complication of human beings. He never stopped questioning the existence of God and his justice, however, he had to spread God’s wishes as an idealist and shoulder the foe of the whole human beings in the name of himself to rescue world’s justice. The figures and events created by Dostoyevsky and the philosophy involved in them are multi-space, beyond time and space. His works are as complicated as the world is complicated, the human is complicated. In his works, he put forward with many eternity questions made people excited up till now. Wanting to figure out the answers to these questions, the best key is Dostoyevsky’s religious consciousness. This thesis will explicate from the original of Dostoyevsky’s religious consciousness, the characteristics, the recycle of religious to the influence of religion on his literature creativity four aspects. Via these, I hope readers would     further understand “Russian Soul” in the process of his creativity.