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带电粒子在非均匀电磁场中的运动 （科教范文网 fw.nseac.com编辑发布） 本文来自中国科教评价网
摘要：本文在熟知的均匀恒定磁场解的基础上,忽略相对论效应讨论外磁场随空间变化的情形下,单个带电粒子在非均匀磁场作用下的运动形式,并求出0阶、1阶、2阶运动方程,分别得出0阶近似解、1阶近似解、2阶近似解，画出2阶近似下粒子的运动图形。由于磁场随时空变化10分缓慢且无电场，所以将磁场的非均匀非恒定部分作为均匀、恒定磁场的小扰动来处理。均匀、恒定解作为0阶解代入1阶近似运动方程，使之线性化，求出1阶近似解，同理将1阶解代入2阶近似运动方程，使其线性化，求出2阶近似解。本文着重引入漂移这个概念借以说明带电粒子在非均匀磁场的基本特征及研究方法。通过分析比较1阶近似解与0阶近似解；2阶近似解与1阶近似解，得出由于1阶近似而引起粒子在与磁场方向以及磁场横向梯度方向垂直的方向发生漂移；由于2阶近似使得粒子在xy平面内做1２W、３W、４W、５W、６W叠加的匀速圆周运动。
关键词：带电粒子；2阶近似；弱非均匀磁场；漂移
The motion of charged particle in inhomogeneous electroma-gnetic field
Abstract: The article, neglecting relative effect, discuss the motion of a charged particle’s form of movement in inhomogeneous magnetic field which varies with the spatial coordinate as the solution of even constant magnetic field is well known. The motion equation of zero, first, second order is found to obtain approximate solution and to draw the l graph of motion. As the magnetic field varies extremely slowly with the space and time changing and it is discussed without electric field, the inhomogeneous non-constant part of the magnetic field is processed as small perturbation in even constant magnetic field. The solution of zero order is taken into the first order approximate of equation of motion. Then we make the equation linearization to get the solution of first order. So is way to obtain the solution of second order. The article emphatically introduces the concept of drifting to interpret the elementary characteristic and research technique of the charged particle in the inhomogeneous magnetic field. The conclusion is drawn through analyze and comparison between the solutions of zero and first order, second and first order that the particle drifts in the vertical direction of the magnetic field and its crosswise gradient in the approximation of first order. While the particle makes superimposed circle movement of uniform velocity in the approximation of second order.
Key words：Charged particle; Second order approximate; Weak inhomogeneous magnetic field; Drifting
目 录
中文摘要……………………………………………………………………………………………………1
前言…………………………………………………………………………………………………………1
1 电力系统谐波………………………………………………………………………………………… 1
1.1 电力系统谐波的基本概念………………………………………………………………………1
1.2 电力系统谐波的危害 ………………………………………………………………………… 2
1.3 电力系统谐波的管理和监测 ………………………………………………………………… 2
2 非正弦条件下功率的基本要求和分类 ………………………………………………………………3
3 传统正弦条件下功率的基本定义及其特点………………………………………………………… 4
4 非正弦条件下现有的各种功率定义 …………………………………………………………………5
4.1 C.Budeanu提出的功率定义 ……………………………………………………………………6
4.2 S.Fryze提出的功率定义 ………………………………………………………………………6
4.3 N.L.Kusters和J.M.Moore提出的功率定义 …………………………………………………7
4.4 W.Shepherd 和 P.Zakihani提出的功率定义…………………………………………………9
4.5 Sharon提出的功率定义…………………………………………………………… …………10
4.6 L.S.Czarnecki提出的功率定义………………………………………………………………11
4.7 IEEE谐波工作小组对无功功率定义的建议………………………………………………… 12
4.8 国家标准…………………………………………………………………………………………13
5 现有功率理论的分析比较 ……………………………………………………………………………13
5.1 C.Budeanu 功率定义中的不足 ……………………………………………………………… 13
5.2 现有功率理论的共同特点——正交分解 …………………………………………………… 14
6 适用于非正弦条件下功率计量理论 …………………………………………………………………15
7 功率测量 ………………………………………………………………………………………………17
8 谐波造成的功率测量误差分析 ………………………………………………………………………18
8.1 视在功率测量误差分析 ……………………………………………………………………… 18
8.2 有功功率测量误差分析…………………………………………………………………………18
8.3 无功功率测量误差分析…………………………………………………………………………19
９ 非正弦条件下测量需要解决的问题 ……………………………………………………………… 21
9.1 如何反映负荷特性………………………………………………………………………………21
9.2 怎样进行责任划分 …………………………………………………………………………… 21
9.3 谐波损耗如何评估………………………………………………………………………………22
9.4 测量精度如何保证 …………………………………………………………………………… 22
结论…………………………………………………………………………………………………………23
参考文献 ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 23 （科教论文网 lw.nSeAc.com编辑发布）
英文摘要……………………………………………………………………………………………………24
致谢 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 25