《野性的呼唤》中的自然主义倾向

Naturalism in The Call of the Wild

Abstract

Naturalism, an aesthetic movement in late 19thand early 20thcentury, was inspired by adaptation of the principles and methods of natural science, especially Darwinian view of nature, to literature and art. Jack London was regarded as one of the greatest naturalist novelists, and he expressed his philosophy of naturalism in The Call of the Wild. The characterization of Buck reflects Darwin’s theory of “the big fish eat up the small, the fittest survive.” In fact, all his writings demonstrate his deep love and unique understanding of the wildness. This thesis attempts to explore the trend of naturalism in The Call of the Wild by analyzing its theme and writing skills, and find out the cause that lead to this naturalist tendency: the influence of naturalism on London and the hardship of his life.

Key Words : Naturalism;  the survival of the fittest;  Jake London;
The Call of the Wild
 

摘 要

自然主义是19世纪末20世纪初美学上的1次运动，这次运动是由自然科学原则和方式的采用而激起的，尤其是达尔文对文学和艺术的自然观。杰克伦敦被认为是最伟大的自然主义小说家之1，他将他的自然主义哲学观体现在《野性的呼唤》中，而巴克的形象创作反映了达尔文的理论“大鱼吃小鱼，适者生存。”事实上他所有的作品都证明了他对荒野的深深的爱和独特的理解。本文将从主题和写作技巧两方面来分析杰克伦敦作品《野性的呼唤》中自然主义倾向，同时找寻出导致杰克伦敦自然主义倾向的因素：杰克伦敦所处时代的自然主义思潮的影响；杰克伦敦自身的苦难经历。

关键词：自然主义、适者生存、杰克•伦敦、野性的呼唤

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